1. …a closer look

2. We have all heard of it… Diabetes currently affects about 20.8 million children and adults in the United States. Diabetes kills more than 60,000 Americans each year. So, what is it?

3. What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin.

4. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8883.htm Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. –After you eat your blood sugar goes up in the blood. –Normally, your body will release insulin after you eat (in response to the increase in blood sugar). –Insulin helps your cells take in the glucose and use it as fuel. –It also is a signal telling the cell to change extra glucose into glycogen (which a way for liver and muscle cells to store this extra sugar for later). What is Insulin? glucoseinsulin then glucose cell Use for fuel Store as glycogen

5. The Two Types of Diabetes: Type 1: known as juvenile or insulin dependent diabetes –It is most often acquired during childhood Type 2: referred to as adult or non- insulin dependent diabetes –It usually effects adults. However, adults can develop type 1 diabetes and young people may develop type 2 diabetes.

6. So what happens in diabetes? Type 1 diabetes– the body does not make enough insulin (or ANY) –So, the cells cannot take up the glucose. Treatment with insulin (by taking shots at certain times in the day) can solve the problem.

7. So what happens in Diabetes? Type 2 diabetes– the body can make insulin, but the cells cannot recognize it –So, glucose cannot enter the cells. Treatment with insulin does NOT usually solve the problem.

8. What Causes Diabetes? Type 1 –Genetics (family history) –Triggered by certain viral infections

9. What Causes Diabetes? Type 2--the body develops a resistance to insulin –Often associated with obesity (especially increased abdominal fat) –Statistic: over half of type 2 diabetes patients are obese and have an excess of fat around their midsection. –Recently this type of diabetes is affecting more children and adolescents due to the increased prevalence of childhood obesity.

10. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

11. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

12. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1987 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

13. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1988 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

14. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1989 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

15. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

16. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

17. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1992 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

18. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

19. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1994 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

20. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

21. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

22. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20% Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)

23. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1998 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

24. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

25. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

26. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

27. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

28. Source: CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

29. Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

30. Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

31. Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

32. Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2007 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

33. Review--Type 1 Onset can occur from early childhood to adulthood. The pancreas may go through a slow reduction until insulin production is shut down. http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/graphics/images/en/19200.jpg Without insulin, glucose builds up in the blood (Remember: insulin told cells to take up glucose).

34. Review--Type 2 Cells becoming insensitive to glucose. The body tries to compensate by increasing insulin output. The insulin overdrive causes the pancreas to slowly lose its ability to produce insulin. cell I don’t know who you are

35. Symptoms http://www.diabetesandrelatedhealthissues.com/images/diabetes_symptoms.gif

36. Protect Yourself Most people can prevent diabetes! the more likely you are to succeed. Exercise regularly and eat the right foods in the right quantities.

37. References http://www.diabetes.org/ http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/faq/basics.h tm http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/blood- sugar/MM00641 http://www.utsa.edu/today/images/ graphics/diabetes.jpg http://www.diabetes.org/home.jsp http://www.goldshieldelite.com/dow nloads/ObesityTrends2.pps