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Naming Compounds Writing Formulas

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1 Naming Compounds Writing Formulas
Chapter 9 Naming Compounds Writing Formulas

2 Systematic Naming There are too many compounds to remember the names of them all. Compound is made of two or more elements. Put together atoms. Name should tell us how many and what type of atoms.

3 Periodic Table More than a list of elements.
Put in columns because of similar properties. Each column is called a group.

4 Representative elements
The group A elements The tall columns 5A 7A 2A 3A 4A 6A

5 Metals

6 Transition metals The Group B elements

7 Non-metals Dull Brittle Nonconductors- insulators

8 Metalloids or Semimetals
Properties of both Semiconductors

9 Atoms and ions Atoms are electrically neutral.
Same number of protons and electrons. Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms, with a charge. Different numbers of protons and electrons. Only electrons can move. Gain or lose electrons.

10 F1- O2- Anion A negative ion. Has gained electrons.
Non metals can gain electrons. Charge is written as a superscript on the right. F1- Has gained one electron O2- Has gained two electrons

11 K1+ Ca2+ Cations Positive ions. Formed by losing electrons.
More protons than electrons. Metals form cations. K1+ Has lost one electron Ca2+ Has lost two electrons

12 Two Types of Compounds Molecular compounds Made of molecules.
Made by joining nonmetal atoms together into molecules.

13 Two Types of Compounds Ionic Compounds Made of cations and anions.
Metals and nonmetals. The electrons lost by the cation are gained by the anion. The cation and anions surround each other. Smallest piece is a FORMULA UNIT.

14 Two Types of Compounds Ionic Molecular Smallest piece Formula Unit
Molecule Types of elements Metal and Nonmetal Nonmetals Solid, liquid or gas State solid Melting Point High >300ºC Low <300ºC

15 Chemical Formulas Shows the kind and number of atoms in the smallest piece of a substance. Molecular formula- number and kinds of atoms in a molecule. CO2 C6H12O6

16 Formula Unit The smallest whole number ratio of atoms in an ionic compound. Ions surround each other so you can’t say which is hooked to which.

17 Charges on ions For most of Group A elements, location on the Periodic Table can tell what kind of ion they form Elements in the same group have similar properties. Including the charge when they are ions.

18 Charge in groups 1A, 2A and 3A is the group number
1+ in 5A, 6A and 7A is the group number - 8 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1-

19 Can also use electron dots
If it has a few it loses them If it has many, it gains enough for octet Al K 3+ + 3- - F N

20 What about the others? We have to figure those out some other way.
More on this later.

21 Naming ions Cation- if the charge is always the same (Group A) just write the name of the metal. Most transition metals can have more than one type of charge. Indicate the charge with Roman numerals in parenthesis. Co2+ Cobalt(II) ion

22 Naming ions A few, like silver, zinc and cadmium only form one kind of ion Don’t get roman numerals Ag+ silver ion Zn2+ zinc ion Cd2+ cadmium ion

23 Name these Na1+ Sodium ion Ca2+ Calcium ion Al3+ Aluminum ion Fe3+
Iron(III) ion Fe2+ Iron(II) ion Pb2+ Lead(II) ion Li1+ Lithium ion

24 Write Formulas for these
K1+ Potassium ion Mg2+ Magnesium ion Cu2+ Copper(II) ion Cr6+ Chromium(VI) ion Ba2+ Barium ion Hg2+ Mercury(II) ion

25 Naming Anions Anions are always the same.
Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluorine

26 Naming Anions Anions are always the same.
Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluorin

27 Naming Anions Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluori

28 Naming Anions Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluor

29 Naming Anions Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluori

30 Naming Anions Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluorid

31 Naming Anions Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluoride

32 Naming Anions Anions are always the same
Change the element ending to – ide F1- Fluoride ion

33 Name these Cl1- Chloride ion N3- Nitride ion Br1- Bromide ion O2-
Oxide ion Ga3+ Gallium ion

34 Write these Sulfide ion S2- Iodide ion I1- Phosphide ion P3-
Strontium ion Sr2+

35 Polyatomic ions Groups of atoms that stay together and have a charge.
Covalently bonded You must memorize these. (pg 257)

36 1- ions Acetate C2H3O21- Nitrate NO31- Nitrite NO21- Hydroxide OH1-
Permanganate MnO41- Cyanide CN1-

37 1- ions Perchlorate ClO41- Chlorate ClO31- Chlorite ClO21-
Hypochlorite1-

38 2- ions Sulfate SO42- Sulfite SO32- Carbonate CO32- Chromate CrO42-
Dichromate Cr2O72- Silicate SiO32-

39 3- ions Phosphate PO43- Phosphite PO33- 1+ ion Ammonium NH41+

40 Adding Hydrogen to Polyatomics
Hydrogen ions are 1+ Attach to other polyatomic ions- changes charge by one Sulfate SO42- Hydrogen sulfate HSO41- Phosphate PO43- Hydrogen phosphate HPO42- Dihydrogen phosphate H2PO41-

41 Ions in Ionic Compounds

42 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Binary Compounds - 2 elements. Ionic - a cation and an anion. The name is just the names of the ions. Cation first anion second Easy with Group A elements. NaCl = Na+ Cl- = sodium chloride MgBr2 = Mg2+ Br- = magnesium bromide Na2S

43 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
The problem comes with the transition metals. Cation name includes the charge. The compound must be neutral. same number of + and – charges. Use the negative charge to find the charge on the positive ion.

44 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the name of CuO Need the charge of Cu O is 2- copper must be 2+ Copper(II) oxide Name CoCl3 Cl is 1- and there are three of them = 3- Co must be 3+ Cobalt(III) chloride

45 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the name of Cu2S. Since S is 2-, the Cu2 must be 2+, so each one is 1+. copper(I) sulfide Fe2O3 Each O is x 2- = 6- 2 Fe must = 6+, so each is 3+. iron(III) oxide

46 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
Write the names of the following KCl Na3N CrN Sc3P2 PbO PbO2 Na2Se

47 Ternary Ionic Compounds
Will have polyatomic ions At least three elements (3 capital letters) Still just name the ions NaNO3 CaSO4 CuSO3

48 Ternary Ionic Compounds
(NH4)2O Fe(OH)3 LiCN (NH4)2CO3 NiPO4

49 Writing Formulas The charges have to add up to zero.
Get charges on pieces. Cations from name or periodic table. Anions from periodic table or polyatomic. Balance the charges by adding subscripts. Put polyatomics in parenthesis if there is more than one of them

50 Writing Formulas Write the formula for calcium chloride.
Calcium is Ca2+ Chloride is Cl1- Ca2+ Cl1- would have a 1+ charge. Need another Cl1- Ca2+ Cl21-

51 Crisscross Switch the numerical value of the charges Ba2+ N3- 2 3 Ba3 N2 Reduce ratio if possible

52 Write the formulas for these
Lithium sulfide tin (II) oxide tin (IV) oxide Copper (II) sulfate Iron (III) phosphide gallium nitrate Iron (III) sulfide ammonium sulfide

53 Write the formulas for these
Ammonium chloride barium nitrate

54 Formula and charge from memory
Yes Charge from name Charge from table No Formula and charge from memory M+X Nm-Y MYNmX Ionic Roman Numeral? Polyatomic?

55 Yes Metal Metal (charge) Name Name +ide Ionic No Group 1A, 2A or 3A?
Poly atomic?

56 Things to look for If cations have (), the number is their charge. Not how many. If anions end in -ide they are probably off the periodic table (Monoatomic) If anion ends in -ate or -ite it is polyatomic The positive piece always gets written first Hydrogen- it depends on where it’s at If it is second, it’s a nonmetal -hydride

57 Writing names and Formulas
Molecular Compounds Writing names and Formulas

58 Molecular compounds made of just nonmetals
smallest piece is a molecule can’t be held together because of opposite charges. can’t use charges to figure out how many of each atom

59 Easier Ionic compounds use charges to determine how many of each.
Have to figure out charges. Have to figure out numbers. Molecular compounds name tells you the number of atoms. Uses prefixes to tell you the number

60 Prefixes 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta-
8 octa- 9 nona- 10 deca-

61 Naming Prefix name Prefix name -ide To write the name write two words
Exception - we don’t write mono- if there is only one of the first element. No ao oo double vowels when writing name, io, oi, and ai are okay.

62 Name These N2O NO2 Cl2O7 CBr4 CO2 BaCl2

63 Write formulas for these
diphosphorus pentoxide tetraiodine nonoxide sulfur hexaflouride nitrogen trioxide Carbon tetrahydride phosphorus trifluoride aluminum chloride diagram

64 Name 1 Name 2 No Yes No Does Name 2 have a prefix? Yes

65 Prefix Prefix Nm Nm

66 XxYy Yes No Yes No Is X a metal? No

67 Prefix+name Prefix+name+ide (no mono) Molecular

68 Writing names and Formulas
Acids Writing names and Formulas

69 Acids Compounds that give off hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Must have H in them. will always be some H next to an anion. The anion determines the name.

70 Naming acids If the anion attached to hydrogen is ends in -ide, put the prefix hydro- and change -ide to -ic acid HCl - hydrogen ion and chloride ion hydrochloric acid H2S hydrogen ion and sulfide ion hydrosulfuric acid

71 Naming Acids If the anion has oxygen in it it ends in -ate or -ite
change the suffix -ate to -ic acid HNO3 Hydrogen and nitrate ions Nitric acid change the suffix -ite to -ous acid HNO2 Hydrogen and nitrite ions Nitrous acid

72 Name these HF H3P H2SO4 H2SO3 HCN H2CrO4

73 Writing Formulas Hydrogen will always be first
name will tell you the anion make the charges cancel out. Starts with hydro- no oxygen, -ide no hydro, -ate comes from -ic, -ite comes from -ous

74 Write formulas for these
hydroiodic acid acetic acid carbonic acid phosphorous acid hydrobromic acid diagram

75 Name 1 Name 2 No Yes Is Name 2 acid? No Does Name 2 have a prefix? Yes

76 Hydro- ? -ic acid? Nm-Y HYNm No No Yes Charge from table -ate -ite Yes

77 XxYy Yes No Yes No Is X hydrogen? Is X a metal? No

78 Hydro____ ic acid ____ ic acid ____ ous acid Acid Yes No Oxygen? -ate?

79 Name these acids a) H2C2O4 b) HF c) HClO2 d) H2CO3
Write formulas for these compounds a) nitrous acid b) hydroselenic acid c) phosphoric acid d) acetic acid 43. Name these compounds a) AlF3 b) SnO2 c) Fe(C2H3O2)3 d) KHSO4 e) CaH2 f) HClO3 g) Hg2Br2 h) H2CrO4 44. Write formulas for these a) Phosphorus pentabromide b) Carbon chloride c) potassium permanganate

80 43. Name these compounds a) AlF3. b) SnO2. c) Fe(C2H3O2)3 d) KHSO4
43. Name these compounds a) AlF3 b) SnO2 c) Fe(C2H3O2)3 d) KHSO4 e) CaH2 f) HClO3 g) Hg2Br2 h) H2CrO4 44. Write formulas for these a) Phosphorus pentabromide b) Carbon chloride c) potassium permanganate d) Calcium hydrogen carbonate e) dichlorine heptoxide f) trisilicon tetrahydride g) sodium dihydrogen phosphate

81 Summary Periodic table Grouped by properties Metals- make cations
2 types those with () and those without Nonmetals make anions Three types Without O -ide With O -ite and -ate Only electrons can move to make ions

82 Summary Make all the decisions. First determine type of compound
Then figure out name or formula Acid = H to start Metal = Ionic No H, No metal = molecular Only molecular get prefixes Roman numeral is NOT how many Hydro means no O


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