1. Steve Souders souders@google.com http://stevesouders.com/docs/twitter-20080821.ppt Even Faster Web Sites best practices for faster pages Disclaimer: This content does not necessarily reflect the opinions of my employer.

2. 17% 83% iGoogle, primed cache The Importance of Frontend Performance 9%91% iGoogle, empty cache

3. Time Spent on the Frontend Empty CachePrimed Cache www.aol.com97% www.ebay.com95%81% www.facebook.com95%81% www.google.com/search47%0% search.live.com/results67%0% www.msn.com98%94% www.myspace.com98% en.wikipedia.org/wiki94%91% www.yahoo.com97%96% www.youtube.com98%97%

4. The Performance Golden Rule 80-90% of the end-user response time is spent on the frontend. Start there. greater potential for improvement simpler proven to work

5. 14 Rules 1.Make fewer HTTP requests 2.Use a CDN 3.Add an Expires header 4.Gzip components 5.Put stylesheets at the top 6.Put scripts at the bottom 7.Avoid CSS expressions 8.Make JS and CSS external 9.Reduce DNS lookups 10.Minify JS 11.Avoid redirects 12.Remove duplicate scripts 13.Configure ETags 14.Make AJAX cacheable

6. High Performance Web Sites YSlow

7. http://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/ June 22-24, 2009

8. High Performance Web Sites, Vol 2 1.Split the initial payload 2.Load scripts without blocking 3.Don't scatter inline scripts 4.Split dominant domains 5.Make static content cookie-free 6.Reduce cookie weight 7.Minify CSS 8.Optimize images 9.Use iframes sparingly 10.To www or not to www

9. AOL eBay Facebook MySpace Wikipedia Yahoo! Why focus on JavaScript? YouTube

10. Scripts Block blocks parallel downloads and rendering What's "Cuzillion"? http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10008

11. a tool for quickly constructing web pages to see how components interact Open Source http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/ Cuzillion 'cuz there are a zillion pages to check

12. JavaScript Functions Executed before onload www.aol.com115K30% www.ebay.com183K44% www.facebook.com1088K 9% www.google.com/search15K45% search.live.com/results17K24% www.msn.com131K31% www.myspace.com297K18% en.wikipedia.org/wiki114K32% www.yahoo.com321K13% www.youtube.com240K18% 26% avg 252K avg Initial Payload and Execution

13. Split the initial payload split your JavaScript between what's needed to render the page and everything else load "everything else" after the page is rendered separate manually (Firebug); tools needed to automate this (Doloto from Microsoft) load scripts without blocking – how?

14. MSN Scripts and other resources downloaded in parallel! How? var p= g.getElementsByTagName("HEAD")[0]; var c=g.createElement("script"); c.type="text/javascript"; c.onreadystatechange=n; c.onerror=c.onload=k; c.src=e; p.appendChild(c) MSN.com: Parallel Scripts

15. Advanced Script Loading XHR Eval XHR Injection Script in Iframe Script DOM Element Script Defer document.write Script Tag

16. XHR Eval script must have same domain as main page must refactor script var xhrObj = getXHRObject(); xhrObj.onreadystatechange = function() { if ( xhrObj.readyState != 4 ) return; eval(xhrObj.responseText); }; xhrObj.open('GET', 'A.js', true); xhrObj.send(''); http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10009

17. XHR Injection var xhrObj = getXHRObject(); xhrObj.onreadystatechange = function() { if ( xhrObj.readyState != 4 ) return; var se=document.createElement('script'); document.getElementsByTagName('head') [0].appendChild(se); se.text = xhrObj.responseText; }; xhrObj.open('GET', 'A.js', true); xhrObj.send(''); script must have same domain as main page http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10015

18. Script in Iframe <iframe src='A.html' width=0 height=0 frameborder=0 id=frame1> iframe must have same domain as main page must refactor script: // access iframe from main page window.frames[0].createNewDiv(); // access main page from iframe parent.document.createElement('div'); http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10012

19. Script DOM Element var se = document.createElement('script'); se.src = 'http://anydomain.com/A.js'; document.getElementsByTagName('head') [0].appendChild(se); script and main page domains can differ no need to refactor JavaScript http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10010

20. Script Defer only supported in IE script and main page domains can differ no need to refactor JavaScript http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10013

21. document.write Script Tag document.write("<scri" + "ipt type='text/javascript' src='A.js'>" + " "); parallelization only works in IE parallel downloads for scripts, nothing else all document.write s must be in same script block http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10014

22. Browser Busy Indicators

23. status bar progress bar logocursor block render block onload normal Script Src FFIE,FF FFIE,FF XHR Eval no XHR Injection no Script in Iframe IE,FFFFIE,FFFFnoIE,FF Script DOM Element FF noFF Script Defer FF IE,FF document.write Script Tag FFIE,FF FFIE,FF good to show busy indicators when the user needs feedback bad when downloading in the background

24. Ensure scripts execute in order: necessary when scripts have dependencies IE: http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10017 http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10017 FF: http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10018 http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10018 Avoid scripts executing in order: faster – first script back is executed immediately http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10019 Ensure/Avoid Ordered Execution

25. Summary of Traits || down- loads domains can differ existing scripts browser busy ensures order size (bytes) normal Script Src noyes IE,FF ~50 XHR Eval IE,FFno ~500 XHR Injection IE,FFnoyesno ~500 Script in Iframe IE,FFno IE,FFno~50 Script DOM Element IE,FFyes FF ~200 Script Defer IEyes IE,FFIE~50 document.write Script Tag IE * yes IE,FFIE~100 * Only other document.write scripts are downloaded in parallel (in the same script block).

26. and the winner is...

27. Load Scripts without Blocking don't let scripts block other downloads you can still control execution order, busy indicators, and onload event What about inline scripts?

28. Inline Scripts Block long executing inline scripts block rendering and downloads http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10035 workarounds: initiate execution with setTimeout (>250 for FF, nglayout.initialpaint.delay ) move JavaScript to external script with advanced downloading techniques use Defer attribute (IE only)

29. Inline Scripts after Stylesheets Block Downloading Firefox blocks parallel downloads when downloading stylesheets IE doesn't......unless the stylesheet is followed by an inline script http://stevesouders.com/cuzillion/?ex=10021 best to move inline scripts above stylesheets or below other resources use Link, not @import

30. eBay MSN MySpace Wikipedia Examples of Scattered Scripts

31. Don't Scatter Inline Scripts remember inline scripts carry a cost avoid long-executing inline scripts don't put inline scripts between stylesheets and other resources

32. Twitter YSlow

33. Parallelized Scripts 27%

34. Twitter Performance Analysis good: images optimized resources sharded across domains fix: compress CSS and JS (reduce 294K to 74K) 4.js at the top: combine, parallelized load, jquery &(!) prototype sprites? (arr2.gif, twitter.png, icon_start_empty.gif, girl.gif, icon_trash.gif, default_profile_[normal|bigger].png) longer Expires date (> 1 day) split initial JS payload (75% not called before onload) clean out CSS (75% unused) minimize JS (~40K uncompressed, ~10K compressed) move version # from querystring to filename (better proxy caching) turn off ETags Google Analytics – ga.js (not urchin.js), parallelized load too much domain sharding?

35. Announcement 1: HTTPWatch for FF http://httpwatch.com/ previously IE only Firefox private beta now Firebug 1.05 Net Panel buggy

36. Announcement 2: Firebug Lite 1.2 http://getfirebug.com/lite.html console.log Inspect DOM and CSS

37. Announcement 3: Mozilla & Firebug John Resig, Rob Campbell, Jan Odvarko Firebug Working Group stability, performance, bug fixes

38. Takeaways focus on the frontend run YSlow: http://developer.yahoo.com/yslow http://developer.yahoo.com/yslow this year's focus: JavaScript Split the Initial Payload Load Scripts without Blocking Don't Scatter Inline Scripts speed matters life's too short, write fast code

39. Steve Souders souders@google.com http://stevesouders.com/docs/twitter-20080821.ppt