1. Copyright 2005 1 Xamax Consultancy Pty Ltd, Canberra Visiting Professor, Uni. of Hong Kong, A.N.U. & U.N.S.W. http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/...... /EC/eGovRes0510 {.html,.ppt} Research for eGovernment Key Issues Roger Clarke eGovernment Consultation Workshop 7th Framework Programme for Information Society Technologies Brussels, 26-27 October 2005

2. Copyright 2005 2 Features for Effective Citizen-Government Communications Email / IM cf. Consumer-Inconvenient Web-Forms Correspondence Workflow Management incl. Auto-Ack, Reminders Case Management incl. a Case Manager, Escalation Service-Quality Purpose cf. Cost-Reduction and Cost-Transfer

3. Copyright 2005 3 Entry Points for Effective Citizen Discovery Purposes

4. Copyright 2005 4 eFOI FoI was debased to Freedom of Access to Documents FoIs spirit has been widely ignored Implications of Digitisation Ease of leaks and whistle-blowing Much-increased expectation of Open Government eFoI means (a) write everything for publication, (b) automated, anticipatory publication, not reaction

5. Copyright 2005 5 Savage PETs Deny identity Provide anonymity Genuinely anonymous ('Mixmaster') remailers, web-surfing tools, ePayment mechanisms Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs)

6. Copyright 2005 6 Gentle PETs Seek a balance between nymity and accountability through Protected Pseudonymity Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs)

7. Copyright 2005 7 Anonymity vs. Pseudonymity Anonymity precludes association of data or a transaction with a particular person Pseudonymity creates barriers to association of data or a transaction with a particular person The barriers are Legal, Organisational and Technical The barriers can be over-ridden BUT conditions apply and are enforced, including: collusion among multiple parties sanctions and enforcement

8. Copyright 2005 8 Myths in the Authentication and Identity Management Arena That the only assertions that need to be authenticated are assertions of identity (fact, value, attribute, agency and location) That individuals only have one identity That biometric identification: works is inevitable doesnt threaten freedoms will help much will help in counter- terrorism

9. Copyright 2005 9 Identifiers, Entifiers, Nyms

10. Copyright 2005 10 Forms of Citizen eParticipation Focus Groups (informal, unstructured, randomised membership) Submissions (formal, structured, organised membership) Deliberative Polling (semi-formal, semi-structured, semi-representative membership) e.g. advisory bodies, councils, juries Real-time polling NOT for public opinion on complex issues BUT for the credibility of political statements

11. Copyright 2005 11 Xamax Consultancy Pty Ltd, Canberra Visiting Professor, University of Hong Kong, A.N.U. & U.N.S.W. Roger Clarke