1. BY : BURAK TEPELİ BY : BURAK TEPELİ CEREN BALIK CEREN BALIK CANBERK ZERAY CANBERK ZERAY ZEYNEP ÖYKÜ SAĞLAM ZEYNEP ÖYKÜ SAĞLAM United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

2. UNCTAD 2 UNCTAD A knowledge-based institution to promote development I. Introduction to UNCTAD Historical and political context I. UNCTAD’s structure Inter-governmental process, cooperation and dialogue III. UNCTAD today Its current work and its divisions

3. Basic goals  Optimize the trade, investment and development opportunities of developing countries  Assist developing countries in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis

4. Basic characteristics 193 member States Secretary-General: Rubens Ricupero (Brazil), since September 1995 Staff: 400 employees Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland Budget: ca. US$ 50 million from the UN budget, US$ 25 million from extra-budgetary sources

5. Historical and political context: Creation of UNCTAD G-77 e NIEO Washington Consensus Globalization Washington Consensus -Debt crisis -IMF, World Bank structural adjust. programs - Trade and financial liberalization 1980s New International Economic Order - Strengthening of the G-77 - Trade and development - New topics New International Economic Order - Strengthening of the G-77 - Trade and development - New topics 1970s 1964 Creation of UNCTAD - Dr. Prebisch Creation of UNCTAD - Dr. Prebisch 1990s Globalization - Creation of the WTO -Increase in FDI - Financial crises (Mexico, Asia, Russia, Brazil) Globalization - Creation of the WTO -Increase in FDI - Financial crises (Mexico, Asia, Russia, Brazil)

6. UNCTAD 6 Brief History of UNCTAD First phase: 1964 to late 1970s First phase: 1964 to late 1970s Rise and climax of UNCTAD’s negotiating role Second phase: 1980s Second phase: 1980s Strengthening the analytical capacity with greater focus on macroeconomic and financial issues (debt-crisis) Third phase: 1990s onwards Third phase: 1990s onwards The positive agenda and identification of the shortcomings of the mainstream development strategy

7. UNCTAD 7 Political dimension of the Conferences Discussion about: Discussion about:  Development-oriented strategies  Advantages and shortcomings of economic strategies  Intergovernmental and international policies and priorities  Mandates and work of the UN and UNCTAD

8. Intergovernmental process Expert Meetings Commission on Trade in Goods, Services and Commodities Trade and Development Board Commission on Investment, Technology and Related Financial Issues Commission on Enterprise, Business Facilitation and Development Commission on Science and Technology for Development ECOSOC Annual session of the commissions: political issues Annual session of the commissions: political issues Expert meetings: technical issues Expert meetings: technical issues Consensus-building

9. UNCTAD Meetings The inter-governmental work is done at 5 levels of meetings: [1] The inter-governmental work is done at 5 levels of meetings: [1] [1] The UNCTAD Conference – held every 4 years; The UNCTAD Conference – held every 4 years;  UNCTAD XIII will be held in Doha, Qatar in 2012  UNCTAD XII was held in Accra, Ghana in 21–25 April 2008  UNCTAD XII was held in Accra, Ghana in 21–25 April 2008  UNCTAD XI was held in São Paulo, Brazil in 13–18 June 2004  UNCTAD XI was held in São Paulo, Brazil in 13–18 June 2004  UNCTAD X was held in Bangkok, Thailand in 12–19 February 2000  UNCTAD X was held in Bangkok, Thailand in 12–19 February 2000  UNCTAD IX was held in Midrand, South Africa in 27 April – 11 May 1996  UNCTAD VIII was held in Cartagena, Colombia in 8–25 February 1992 9

10. Structure of the Secretariat Secretary-General Office of the S-G Special Programme For Least Developed, Landlocked and Island Developing Countries Special Programme For Least Developed, Landlocked and Island Developing Countries Deputy S-G Division on Globalisation and Development Strategies Division on Investment, Technology and Enterprise Development Division On Services Infrastructure for Development and Trade Efficiency Division On International Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities Division of Management

11. How does UNCTAD work? A TWO-TRACK PROCESS Intergovernmental level Commission meetings Human resources capacity-building Consensus Building Policy Analysis UNCTAD Secretariat Expert meetings Monitoring of inter- governmental activities Monitoring of inter- governmental activities Research and analytical studies Research and analytical studies Institutional Capacity- building Institutional Capacity- building

12. UNCTAD Cooperation and dialogue Private Sector International organisations Civil Society Academia WTO, World Bank, IMF, etc. Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) Universities and research institutes Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) and Transnational Corporations (TNCs) Governments 192 countries

13. MAIN THEMES  Poverty/Development  Social dimension of globalization  Equitable world trade (market access, agriculture)  Financial system and world economy  Social and corporate responsibility  LDCs’ external debt  Trade and environment

14. UNCTAD 14 Analytical process Annual reports Annual reports Specific studies Specific studies Technical and statistical material Technical and statistical material Regional and national workshops Regional and national workshops Analysis of national policies and best practices Analysis of national policies and best practices

15. UNCTAD 15 Main publications Trade and Development Report (annual) Trade and Development Report (annual) Research Papers Series Research Papers Series www.unctad.org www.unctad.org E-commerce and Development Report (annual) E-commerce and Development Report (annual) The Least Developed Countries Report (biennial) The Least Developed Countries Report (biennial) World Investment Report (annual) World Investment Report (annual)

16. UNCTAD’s work Investment, enterprise development, and technology Trade (goods, services and commodities), services infrastructure and trade facilitation DEVELOPMENT Development strategies and global interdependence Least developed, landlocked and small island developing countries.

17. UNCTAD 17 Globalization and Development Strategies Macro-economic analysis and policy proposals Macro-economic analysis and policy proposals Studies and projections about the world economy and the financial system Studies and projections about the world economy and the financial system Preparation of the Trade and Development Report (TDR) Preparation of the Trade and Development Report (TDR) Analysis of external debt problems Analysis of external debt problems Development programs for Africa Development programs for Africa

18. UNCTAD 18 International Trade in Goods, Services and Commodities Integrate developing countries in the multilateral trade system and help them benefit from it Integrate developing countries in the multilateral trade system and help them benefit from it Understanding of current issues in multilateral trade negotiations Understanding of current issues in multilateral trade negotiations New proposals – positive agenda New proposals – positive agenda

19. UNCTAD 19 Services Infrastructure for Development and Trade Efficiency Trade facilitation Trade facilitation Multimodal transportation (ACIS) Multimodal transportation (ACIS) E-commerce E-commerce TrainForTrade TrainForTrade Global Trade Point Network Global Trade Point Network Customs modernisation (ASYCUDA) Customs modernisation (ASYCUDA)

20. UNCTAD 20 Special Programme on Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Currently: 50 LDCs Currently: 50 LDCs  34 in Africa, 9 in Asia, 6 in the Pacific Region, 1 in Latin America (Haiti) Objective: Reduce poverty & increase development Objective: Reduce poverty & increase development  Preparation of the LDC Annual Report  Analysis of the links between poverty-reduction and development strategies  Assistance to LDCs for accession to the WTO and its negotiations  Capacity-building in trade, investment and related services  Organization of the Conference on LDCs

21. UNCTAD 21 Who participates Who participates Government delegates from 193 countries Government delegates from 193 countries International institutions International institutions Parliamentarians Parliamentarians Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs Academics Academics NGOs and IGOs NGOs and IGOs Media Media