1. Information Systems & Semantic Web University of Koblenz Landau, Germany Ontologies for Model Engineering of Complex Systems

2. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de2 Complex Domains Medicine: 180,000 concepts in the Foundational Model of Anatomy (http://sig.biostr.washington.edu/projects/fm/) Size Network Management (Telecommunication) Systems consisting of various hardware and software (MOST project: http://www.most-project.eu/) Interaction & configuration Multimedia Continuously growing libraries of formats and algorithms (KAT – Knowledge Annotation Tool; h ttp://isweb.uni-koblenz.de/Research/kat ) Openness Middleware Configuration of running software modules (http://kaon.semanticweb.org/server; [Middleware04, JoAO06,IEEE DS06]) Interaction & configuration

3. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de3 What is an ontology? Shared conceptual model Logically formalized (e.g. OWL – Web Ontology Language) Typically seen and interacted with by end users! What is not necessarily an ontology? A set of axioms in OWL However: ontology reasoning technologies can be useful for such sets of OWL axioms

4. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de4 Ontologies and Their Relatives Front-End Back-End Topic Maps UML Class Diagrams Thesauri Predicate Logic Semantic Networks Taxonomies Ontologies Navigation Queries Sharing of Knowledge Information Retrieval Query Expansion Mediation Reasoning Consistency Checking EAI

5. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de5 Ontology and Complex Software System Ontology for Domain conceptualization & classification Consistency Configuration Dynamic subsumption reasoning Software System for Knowledge acquisition forms (medicine) Interaction (network management & middleware) Loading of data and components (multimedia formats) Strong Interdependency

6. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de6 Ontology and Complex Software System Advantages Ontology captures domain complexity and ensures logical domain consistency Challenges Joint modeling Integration of static logical reasoning into the dynamic world (using the model at run-time!) Understandability of Ontology/OWL paradigm

7. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de7 Some Cases: 1.Model Checking, e.g. Reasoning on UML class diagrams (Berardi, 2005) 2.Model Enrichment, e.g. Platform independent model transformation based on TRIPLE (Billig et. al) 3.Ontology Modeling, e.g. Neon Project (Haase et al., 2007) 4.Hybrid Approach, TwoUse: Integrating UML Models and OWL Ontologies (Parreiras, Staab, Winter, 2007) MDE with Ontologies Classical MDE PIM PSM Code OWL TRIPLE OWL JAVA UML

8. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de8 DSL Exploiting Onto TwoUse Initial Proposal UMLOWL

9. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de9 TwoUse Metamodels Organization UML OCL TwoUse MOF M3 M2 OWL InstanceOf

10. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de10 TwoUse Models (excerpt) M2 M1 Class DataType AnyType OwlAny owlMostSpecNamedClass() OclAny SalesOrder TaskController TUClass OWLClass USCustomer Classifier InstanceOf context SalesOrder::getRulesForCountry(): Tax body: self.owlMostSpecNamedClass().new() getRulesForCountry() owl2uml()

11. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de11 Transformation Process PIMPSMSource Code Java UML Profiled 4TwoUse Concrete Syntax Abstract Syntax M2 M1 UML Profiled 4Java TwoUseJava InstanceOf Java Metamodel TwoUse Metamodel MetamodelGrammarOntology RDF XML Syntax OWL UML Profiled 4 OWL OWL PSM 1. 2. 3. OWL Metamodel UML UML Metamodel Reasoner API

12. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de12 Benefits Models at run-time [Middleware04, IEEE Distributed Systems 06] Dynamic, multiple classification of objects [Modellierung 08]

13. ISWeb - Information Systems & Semantic Web Steffen Staab staab@uni-koblenz.de13 Open Challenges (en detail) Software Modeling Understandable modeling patterns of using ontologies Splitting of modeling work between domain experts and ontology experts Experiences, experiences, experiences Ontology Modeling Comprehensive treatment of meta- modeling at the logical level (initial work available!) Reconciliation of open and closed world (initial work available!) Reconciliation of rules and ontologies (initial work available!) Incremental reasoning & querying Experiences, experiences, experiences

14. Information Systems & Semantic Web University of Koblenz Landau, Germany Thank You! http://www.most-project.eu/ http://isweb.uni-koblenz.de/Projects/twouse F. Silva Parreiras, S. Staab, S. Schenk, A. Winter. Model Driven Specification of Ontology Translations. ER 2008, LNCS, Springer, 2008. F. Silva Parreiras, S. Staab, A. Winter. Improving Design Patterns by Description Logics: An Use Case with Abstract Factory and Strategy. Proc. of Modellierung 2008. LNI, Gi e.V, März 2008. F. Parreiras, S. Staab, A. Winter. TwoUse: Integrating UML Models and OWL Ontologies, TechReport, Department of Computer Science, Univ. Koblenz- Landau, nr. 16/2007. D. Oberle, S. Staab, A. Eberhart, Semantic Management of Distributed Web Applications, IEEE Distributed Systems Online, vol. 7, no. 5, 2006, art. no. 0605- o5001. D. Oberle, S. Lamparter, S. Grimm, D. Vrandecic, S. Staab, A. Gangemi: Towards Ontologies for Formalizing Modularization and Communication in Large Software Systems. Journal of Applied Ontology, 1(2): 163-202, IOS Press 2006. D. Oberle, A. Eberhart, S. Staab, R. Volz. Developing and Managing Software Components in an ontology-based Application Server. In Proc. Middleware 2004, ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference, Toronto, October 18- 22, 2004, LNCS, Springer.