1. ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS Fourth Edition Sherrie L. Nist © 2010 Townsend Press

2. Unit Four: Chapter 18 auspicious rebuke expedite redeem extenuating subordinate fraudulent transgress innuendovehement

3. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 auspicious Auspicious means A. deceptive. B. indirect. C. favorable. The beginning of the semester was auspicious for Liza; she got an A on the first quiz and saw this as a promise of more good grades to come. Jen and Robert’s marriage plans did not get off to an auspicious start. They couldn’t agree on what kind of ceremony they wanted or which guests to invite. – adjective

4. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Auspicious means A. deceptive. B. indirect. C. favorable. The beginning of the semester was auspicious for Liza; she got an A on the first quiz and saw this as a promise of more good grades to come. Jen and Robert’s marriage plans did not get off to an auspicious start. They couldn’t agree on what kind of ceremony they wanted or which guests to invite. An A on the first quiz would be a favorable start. If Jen and Robert couldn’t agree on the kind of ceremony or which guests to invite, their plans did not get off to a favorable start. 1 auspicious – adjective

5. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 expedite – verb Expedite means A. to hurry up. B. to reduce the cost of. C. to delay. Express lanes in supermarkets expedite the checkout process for shoppers who buy only a few items. To expedite payment on an insurance claim, be sure to include all the necessary information on the form before mailing it in. High-speed trains expedite travel.

6. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Expedite means A. to hurry up. B. to reduce the cost of. C. to delay. Express lanes in supermarkets expedite the checkout process for shoppers who buy only a few items. To expedite payment on an insurance claim, be sure to include all the necessary information on the form before mailing it in. An express lane would hurry up the checkout process. If all the necessary information is included on the insurance claim form, it will hurry up the payment process. High-speed trains expedite travel. 2 expedite – verb

7. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 extenuating I know I promised to come to the surprise party, but there were extenuating circumstances: my car broke down. When my father had a heart attack, I missed a final exam. Due to the extenuating circumstances, the professor agreed to let me take a makeup exam. – adjective Extenuating means A. providing a good excuse. B. assigning blame. C. encouraging.

8. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. I know I promised to come to the surprise party, but there were extenuating circumstances: my car broke down. When my father had a heart attack, I missed a final exam. Due to the extenuating circumstances, the professor agreed to let me take a makeup exam. Extenuating means A. providing a good excuse. B. assigning blame. C. encouraging. A broken-down car is a circumstance providing a good excuse for not going to the party. The father’s heart attack is a circumstance providing a good excuse for missing the final exam. 3 extenuating – adjective

9. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Leroy was jailed for filing fraudulent income tax returns. He had been cheating the government for years. The art dealer was involved in a fraudulent scheme to pass off worthless forgeries as valuable old paintings. 4 fraudulent Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Fraudulent means A. inferior. B. dishonest. C. careless. – adjective

10. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Leroy was jailed for filing fraudulent income tax returns. He had been cheating the government for years. The art dealer was involved in a fraudulent scheme to pass off worthless forgeries as valuable old paintings. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Fraudulent means A. inferior. B. dishonest. C. careless. In the first item, the word cheating suggests that fraudulent means “dishonest.” In the second item, if the art dealer is passing off forgeries as valuable paintings, he is involved in a dishonest scheme. 4 fraudulent – adjective

11. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Innuendo means A. a sharp scolding. B. an obvious lie. C. a suggestion. 5 innuendo – noun People weren’t willing to say directly that the mayor had taken a bribe, but there were many innuendos such as “Someone must have gotten to him.” When Neil said, “Emily’s home sick. Again,” he was using an innuendo. He really meant that she was just taking another day off.

12. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Innuendo means A. a sharp scolding. B. an obvious lie. C. a suggestion. People weren’t willing to say directly that the mayor had taken a bribe, but there were many innuendos such as “Someone must have gotten to him.” When Neil said, “Emily’s home sick. Again,” he was using an innuendo. He really meant that she was just taking another day off. Each item gives an example of a statement that uses a suggestion to communicate what the speaker really means. 5 innuendo – noun

13. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Rebuke means A. to criticize. B. to make excuses for. C. to hit. When the puppy chews the furniture, don’t hit him; instead, rebuke him in a harsh voice. Although my father scolded me many times in private, I’m grateful that he never rebuked me in public. 6 rebuke – verb

14. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Rebuke means A. to criticize. B. to make excuses for. C. to hit. When the puppy chews the furniture, don’t hit him; instead, rebuke him in a harsh voice. Although my father scolded me many times in private, I’m grateful that he never rebuked me in public. One should scold or criticize a puppy when it chews the furniture. In the second item, the word scolded suggests that rebuke means “to criticize.” 6 rebuke – verb

15. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Redeem means A. to reveal. B. to make up for past errors. C. to punish. Tuan’s parents were angry with him for neglecting his chores, but he redeemed himself by washing and waxing their car. Cal was suspended from the basketball team because of his low grades, but he redeemed himself the next semester by earning a B average. 7 redeem – verb

16. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Redeem means A. to reveal. B. to make up for past errors. C. to punish. Tuan’s parents were angry with him for neglecting his chores, but he redeemed himself by washing and waxing their car. Cal was suspended from the basketball team because of his low grades, but he redeemed himself the next semester by earning a B average. Tuan makes up for his error of neglecting his chores by washing and waxing the car. Cal makes up for his past error of low grades by earning a B average. 7 redeem – verb

17. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Subordinate means A. lower than. B. a substitute for. C. superior to. As a waiter, I take orders from the headwaiter, and he’s subordinate to the manager of the restaurant. The federal District Courts are lower than the United States Court of Appeals, which in turn is subordinate to the Supreme Court. 8 subordinate – adjective The captain of a ship saluting subordinate members of the crew. Photo: US Navy

18. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Subordinate means A. lower than. B. a substitute for. C. superior to. As a waiter, I take orders from the headwaiter, and he’s subordinate to the manager of the restaurant. The federal District Courts are lower than the United States Court of Appeals, which in turn is subordinate to the Supreme Court. The headwaiter is lower than the manager of the restaurant. In the second item, the words lower than tell you the meaning to subordinate. 8 subordinate – adjective The captain of a ship saluting subordinate members of the crew. Photo: US Navy

19. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Transgress means A. to benefit. B. to tell a lie. C. to commit an offense. Adam transgressed by eating an apple Eve gave him; God punished them both. Kianna knew she had transgressed against family wishes when she sold the ring her grandmother had given her. 9 transgress – verb

20. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Transgress means A. to benefit. B. to tell a lie. C. to commit an offense. Adam transgressed by eating an apple Eve gave him; God punished them both. Kianna knew she had transgressed against family wishes when she sold the ring her grandmother had given her. God punished Adam and Eve because they committed the offense of eating the apple. By selling the ring her grandmother gave her, Kianna committed an offense against her family’s wishes. 9 transgress – verb

21. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Vehement means A. strong. B. secret. C. unjustified. 10 vehement I knew my parents would not be happy about my plan to take a year off from school, but I didn’t expect their objections to be so vehement. When Nell’s boyfriend angrily grabbed her, she responded with vehement fury. Yelling “That’s the last time you’ll ever touch me!” she walked out on him. – adjective

22. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. Vehement means A. strong. B. secret. C. unjustified. I knew my parents would not be happy about my plan to take a year off from school, but I didn’t expect their objections to be so vehement. When Nell’s boyfriend angrily grabbed her, she responded with vehement fury. Yelling “That’s the last time you’ll ever touch me!” she walked out on him. In the first item, the parents have strong objections to the plan of taking a year off. In the second item, Nell’s statement and action show that her fury was strong. 10 vehement – adjective

23. SENTENCE CHECK 1 1.The company president is __________ only to the board of directors. She takes orders from the board, and only the board can fire her. 2.When young children __________, they may lie to cover up their misdeeds. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. auspiciousB. expediteC. extenuatingD. fraudulentE.innuendo F. rebukeG. redeemH. subordinateI. transgressJ.vehement

24. SENTENCE CHECK 1 1.The company president is __________ only to the board of directors. She takes orders from the board, and only the board can fire her. 2.When young children __________, they may lie to cover up their misdeeds. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. auspiciousB. expediteC. extenuatingD. fraudulentE.innuendo F. rebukeG. redeemH. subordinateI. transgressJ.vehement If the board can fire her, she is below the board in power. The word misdeeds suggests that transgress is needed in this sentence. subordinate transgress

25. SENTENCE CHECK 1 3.If you get a phone call announcing that you’ve won a free car or free trip in some contest you’ve never heard of, watch out. It’s probably __________. 4.To __________ the registration process, fill out all the forms before you get in line. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. auspiciousB. expediteC. extenuatingD. fraudulentE.innuendo F. rebukeG. redeemH. subordinateI. transgressJ.vehement 5.After showing up late for the fund-raising dinner and then falling asleep during the speeches, the politician tried to __________ himself with a public apology.

26. SENTENCE CHECK 1 3.If you get a phone call announcing that you’ve won a free car or free trip in some contest you’ve never heard of, watch out. It’s probably __________. 4.To __________ the registration process, fill out all the forms before you get in line. 5.After showing up late for the fund-raising dinner and then falling asleep during the speeches, the politician tried to __________ himself with a public apology. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. auspiciousB. expediteC. extenuatingD. fraudulentE.innuendo F. rebukeG. redeemH. subordinateI. transgressJ.vehement Such phone calls are likely to be dishonest and intended to deceive. Filling out the forms beforehand would speed up the registration process. A public apology would be a way for the politician to make amends. fraudulent expedite redeem

27. SENTENCE CHECK 1 6.According to tradition, it’s __________ if March “comes in like a lion” with stormy weather, because it will then “go out like a lamb.” 7.Edna was __________ in her opposition to the proposed budget cuts. She let everyone in the department know just how strongly she felt. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. auspiciousB. expediteC. extenuatingD. fraudulentE.innuendo F. rebukeG. redeemH. subordinateI. transgressJ.vehement

28. SENTENCE CHECK 1 6.According to tradition, it’s __________ if March “comes in like a lion” with stormy weather, because it will then “go out like a lamb.” 7.Edna was __________ in her opposition to the proposed budget cuts. She let everyone in the department know just how strongly she felt. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. auspiciousB. expediteC. extenuatingD. fraudulentE.innuendo F. rebukeG. redeemH. subordinateI. transgressJ.vehement Bad weather at the beginning of March is a good sign. If Edna felt strongly, she would be forceful in her opposition. vehement auspicious

29. 9.The friendly weekly poker game grew less friendly when Travis said, “Isn’t it amazing that, week after week, Bill always wins?” The _________, of course, was that Bill was cheating. SENTENCE CHECK 1 8.Later, Edna’s supervisor _______(e)d her, saying, “No one asked for your opinion about the budget, so just get on with your work.” Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. auspiciousB. expediteC. extenuatingD. fraudulentE.innuendo F. rebukeG. redeemH. subordinateI. transgressJ.vehement 10.“Yes, my client robbed the bank,” the lawyer said, “but there were __________ circumstances. She didn’t have time to wait in line to make a withdrawal.”

30. 9.The friendly weekly poker game grew less friendly when Travis said, “Isn’t it amazing that, week after week, Bill always wins?” The _________, of course, was that Bill was cheating. 10.“Yes, my client robbed the bank,” the lawyer said, “but there were __________ circumstances. She didn’t have time to wait in line to make a withdrawal.” SENTENCE CHECK 1 8.Later, Edna’s supervisor __________ her, saying, “No one asked for your opinion about the budget, so just get on with your work.” Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. auspiciousB. expediteC. extenuatingD. fraudulentE.innuendo F. rebukeG. redeemH. subordinateI. transgressJ.vehement The supervisor’s comment expresses disapproval. Travis’s insinuation is that Bill was cheating. The lawyer claims that not having time to wait in line provides the client with a good excuse for robbing the bank. rebuked innuendo extenuating