1. The Big Brother on Menwith Hill PSI 2007 Kaido Kikkas This document uses the GNU Free Documentation License (v1.2 or newer).

2. I know what you did last summer Censorship as a tool for power has existed for centuries Today, we just have technical measures beyond everything that has existed before (once more) Technology has gotten better. Humans are as imperfect as always

3. It began with Enigma German cipher machine Invented around 1920, since 1925 used in military purposes Initially considered 'unbreakable if used properly'

4. Bletchley Park An old manor near London – the WWII centre of British cryptography Large team of British cryptanalysts, mathematicians, crossword and chess enthusiasts (the 12-minute test) about 10 000 people in 1945

5. On the first day of Christmas... Brilliant brains (Alan Turing and others) Good machinery (Colossus and others) Stolen code books from U-559 Three Polish Enigma breakers Outcome: the war shortened for 2 years Bletchley Park was closed – until made a museum in 1993

6. UKUSA 1947 The Quadripartite Agreement 1947: United States United Kingdom Canada Australia (along with the New Zealand) Intelligence exchange between major English- speaking countries

7. Secrecy Even Prime Ministers were uninformed Surveillance areas Ban on domestic spying – mixed results NSA as the main player

8. From humans to machines 70s – human operators Later fully automatic with huge databases – the birth of Echelon Menwith Hill as a central station

9. After the Cold War 1993 – Clinton: level the playing field – massive increase in commercial intelligence 2001 – Bush: War on terror – Echelon turns inside

10. The Intelligence cycle 1. Planning, requirements & direction 2. Collection (access & interception) 3. Analysis & processing 4. Production 5. Dissemination 6. go back to 1.

11. Tapping the comm Operation Shamrock Hi-Freq radio Interception from space Submarine interception Internet

12. Business cases Panavia Thomson CSF Airbus Trade negotiations Spying on the hosts

13. Conclusion The situation looks pretty grim Does not depend on the number of superpowers International treaties are for sissies Solution?