2. H-> Chapter 10 Page 180 A-> Chapter 12 Page 286

3. If you unwrap all the DNA you have in all your cells, you could reach the moon! 6000 times!!!

4. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Primary Function = to store and transmit the genetic information that tells cells which proteins to make and when to make them.

5. an ORGANIC compound made up of repeating subunits called NUCLEOTIDES composed of TWO long chains of nucleotides

6. 3 PARTS: 1.Sugar Molecule – deoxyribose 2.Phosphate Group – phosphorous(P) and oxygen (O) 3.Nitrogen Base – adenine(A), cytosine(C), guanine(G), and thymine(T)

7. Diagram of a Nucleotide

9. 1. Adenine2. Guanine Purines have two rings And come in two types: Nitrogen bases come in two types:

10. 2. Thymine 1. Cytosine Pyrimidines have ONE ring And come in two types: Nitrogen bases come in two types:

11. Complimentary Base Pairing Describes the pairing behavior of the bases. TWO rules: 1. Cytosine bonds with Guanine 2. Adenine bonds with Thymine

12. In 1953, JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK suggested a model for the structure of DNA. Two nucleotide strands wrap around each other to form a double spiral (spiral staircase) The Double Helix

13. Image of the Double Helix

14. = The process of copying DNA. Overall: Two nucleotide chains separate and serve as TEMPLATE for a new nucleotide chain.

17. 1. Helicase enzymes untwist and unzip the DNA helix. (A replication fork is now formed.) 2. DNA primase enzyme adds a primer to each side of the open strand.

18. 3. DNA polymerase adds the new nucleotides one at a time. 4. Lastly, DNA ligase enzyme “glues” nucleotides together on the lagging strand.

19. ***You are left with 2 exactly identical strands of DNA double helix.*** Original strands of DNA Original OONN New