1. Systems that Protect the Body How do they work together to keep us safe?

2. Immune system Integumentary system These help to protect our bodies

3. There are other systems that protect the body? The respiratory and digestive system!

4. How do these other systems protect us? (Answer to question 1 now follows)

5. Protection from the digestive system 1.The saliva destroys some germs 2.Acids and enzymes in the stomach destroy other pathogens Pathogen is any living or no living structure that can causes disease.

6. Protection from the respiratory system 1.Mucus traps the dirt and germs 2. Cilia (hair like structures) filter and clean the air Cilia in the Respiratory tract

7. How does the Integumentary and the Immune systems protect us? Protection Immune Protects from the inside (internally) Integumentary Protects from the outside (externally)

8. What are the parts of the immune system? Cells - white blood cells such as T and B cells Tissue - the lymph nodes and the thymus gland Organs - Spleen

9. How does the immune system work? 1. A specific response can be made (a) Special white blood cells called T cells recognize the pathogen ( b) Some T cells are made to attack the pathogen

10. How does the immune system works? (c). Some of the T cells signal another type of white blood cell called B cells (d) B cells make antibodies which destroy the pathogen (will explain in more detail) ( e ) Some of the antibodies remain in the blood to fight off future attack from the pathogen

11. How does the immune system work? 2. A non-specific response is produced a)At the site of a cut/ wound histamine is released b)Histamine increases temperature of the tissue c)Increase temperature leads to increase blood supply to the wound d)Increase blood flow brings more white blood cells to the wounded tissue e)These white blood cells then attack any pathogen at the site of the cut.

12. Let us now switch our focus to …….The Integumentary system

13. What are parts of this system? Hair Nail Skin

14. Why is the skin important 1.It protects us from elements of the weather 2.It protects our the internal organs 3.It protects us from danger. We can sense our environment (feeling and touching) 4.It helps control our body temperature which ensures that our internal organs are protected

15. Structure and functions of Parts of the skin

16. Parts of the skin See page B 84 of the textbook

18. StructureFunction EpidermisHas tough protein fiber that gives the skin its protective property DermisIs made up of elastic fiber to help skin change its shape Fatty tissue layer Helps to insulate the body Sensory receptors Detect changes such as pain, pressure, temperature, and touch

19. StructureFunction Sweat glandsRegulate body temperature Oil GlandsProtect the skin and keeps it moist

20. Please write down any questions or concerns you have.