1. Go to Section: An Important Process While walking along a dusty path, you begin to cough. As you continue your walk, a small insect comes flying toward you. You blink and then duck so that it misses you. These actions are just a few examples of homeostasis. Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in their external environments. Section 35-1 Interest Grabber 1.List three other examples of homeostasis that occur in organisms. 2.Why is homeostasis important to an organism?

2. Go to Section: 35–1Human Body Systems A.Organization of the Body 1.Cells 2.Tissues 3.Organs 4.Organ Systems B.Maintaining Homeostasis 1.A Nonliving Example 2.In the Body Section 35-1 Section Outline

3. Go to Section: Room temperature increases Thermostat senses temperature change and switches on heating system Thermostat senses temperature change and switches off heating system Room temperature decreases Section 35-1 Examples of Feedback Inhibition

4. Go to Section: Nervous SystemIntegumentary SystemSkeletal SystemMuscular SystemCirculatory System Section 35-1 Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part I

5. Go to Section: Nervous SystemIntegumentary SystemSkeletal SystemMuscular SystemCirculatory System Section 35-1 Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part I

6. Go to Section: Nervous SystemIntegumentary SystemSkeletal SystemMuscular SystemCirculatory System Section 35-1 Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part I

7. Go to Section: Nervous SystemIntegumentary SystemSkeletal SystemMuscular SystemCirculatory System Section 35-1 Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part I

8. Go to Section: Nervous SystemIntegumentary SystemSkeletal SystemMuscular SystemCirculatory System Section 35-1 Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part I

9. Go to Section: Respiratory SystemDigestive SystemExcretory System Endocrine SystemReproductive SystemLymphatic/Immune Systems Section 35-1 Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part 2

10. Go to Section: You’ve Got a Lot of Nerve! The nervous system controls and coordinates functions throughout the body. The nervous system is one of the body’s communication systems. Without communication, parts of the body could not work together smoothly. Section 35-2 Interest Grabber

11. Go to Section: 1. Think about tying the shoelace of a sneaker. Construct a flowchart that shows what happens between your eyes and your brain, and between your brain and your hands, when you tie a bow in the shoelace. 2. How would the communications be different if you tried to tie the shoelace with your eyes closed? Section 35-2 Interest Grabber continued

12. Go to Section: 35–2 The Nervous System A.Neurons B.The Nerve Impulse 1.The Resting Neuron 2.The Moving Impulse 3.Threshold C.The Synapse Section 35-2 Section Outline

13. Go to Section: Axon terminals Myelin sheath Nodes Cell body Axon Nucleus Dendrites Section 35-2 A Neuron

14. Go to Section: Section 35-2 Figure 35-6 Resting Potential

15. Go to Section: Section 35-2 Figure 35-7 An Impulse

16. Go to Section: Section 35-2 Figure 35-7 An Impulse

17. Go to Section: Section 35-2 Figure 35-7 An Impulse

18. Go to Section: Section 35-2 Figure 35-7 An Impulse

19. Go to Section: Vesicle Axon Axon terminal Synaptic cleft Neurotransmitter Receptor Dendrite of adjacent neuron Direction of Impulse Section 35-2 Figure 35-8 The Synapse

20. Go to Section: Brainiac Imagine that you are a computer systems engineer and your job is to design a computer that can perform all the functions of a human brain. Section 35-3 Interest Grabber 1.Which brainlike functions can already be performed by computers? 2.Which brainlike functions cannot be performed by computers? 3.How successful do you think you (or anyone) could be in designing a computer that can perform all the functions of the human brain? Explain your answer.

21. Go to Section: 35–3Divisions of the Nervous System A.The Central Nervous System B.The Brain 1.The Cerebrum 2.The Cerebellum 3.The Brain Stem 4.The Thalamus and Hypothalamus C.The Spinal Cord D.The Peripheral Nervous System 1.The Somatic Nervous System 2.The Autonomic Nervous System Section 35-3 Section Outline

22. Go to Section: Concept Map which consists of is divided into that make up which is divided into Section 35-3 The Nervous System Sensory nerves Motor nerves Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system

23. Go to Section: Pons Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Cerebellum Pineal gland Thalamus Section 35-3 Figure 35-9 The Brain

24. Go to Section: Spinal nerve Central canalGray matter White matter Meninges Section 35-3 Cross Section of the Spinal Cord

25. Go to Section: Taking It All In Your senses — sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste — are constantly receiving information about your environment. Even if you are not thinking about it, your body is sensing and responding to conditions around you, such as the temperature of the room. Section 35-4 Interest Grabber 1. List ten things you observe about the room you are in. 2. Next to each observation, write the sense that you used to make that observation. 3. What sense did you use most?

26. Go to Section: 35–4The Senses A.Vision B.Hearing and Balance 1.Hearing 2.Balance C.Smell and Taste D.Touch and Related Senses Section 35-4 Section Outline

27. Go to Section: Cerebral cortex Nasal cavity Taste bud Smell sensory area Taste sensory area Thalamus Olfactory (smell) bulb Olfactory nerve Smell receptor Taste pore Taste receptor Sensory nerve fibers Section 35-4 The Senses of Smell and Taste

28. Go to Section: Choroid Retina Blood vessels Optic nerve Fovea Vitreous humor Sclera Ligaments Iris Pupil Cornea Aqueous humor Lens Muscle Section 35-4 Figure 35-14 The Eye

29. Go to Section: Auditory canal Tympanum Round windowEustachian tube Bone Cochlea Cochlear nerve Semicircular canals Oval window Stirrup Anvil Hammer Section 35-4 Figure 35-15 The Ear

30. Go to Section: Poster Designer Imagine that you are working with a local community group to help stop drug abuse among teenagers. Your first assignment is to design a drug abuse awareness poster. Section 35-5 Interest Grabber 1.Complete a brief sketch of your idea on a sheet of paper. What effects of drugs does your poster depict? 2.Why do you think teenagers will pay attention to your poster?

31. Go to Section: 35–5Drugs and the Nervous System A.Drugs That Affect the Synapse 1.Stimulants 2.Depressants 3.Cocaine 4.Opiates 5.Marijuana 6.Alcohol 7.Alcohol and Disease B.Drug Abuse Section 35-5 Section Outline

32. Go to Section: Used to increase alertness, relieve fatigue Used to relieve anxiety, irritability, tension Used to relieve pain Stimulants Depressants Opiates Amphetamines Barbiturates Tranquilizers Morphine Codeine Increase heart and respiratory rates; elevate blood pressure; dilate pupils; decrease appetite Slow down the actions of the central nervous system; small amounts cause calmness and relaxation; larger amounts cause slurred speech and impaired judgement Act as a depressant; cause drowsiness, restlessness, nausea Section 35-5 Commonly Abused Drugs Drug TypeMedical UseExamplesEffects on the body

33. Video Contents Videos Click a hyperlink to choose a video. Action Potential Synaptic Transmission

34. Video 1 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 1 Action Potential

35. Video 2 Click the image to play the video segment. Video 2 Synaptic Transmission

36. Internet Go Online The latest discoveries in the nervous and immune systems Interactive test Articles on the human body For links on the nervous system, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-0352.www.SciLinks.org For links on the human brain, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-0353.www.SciLinks.org For links on the senses, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-0354.www.SciLinks.org For links on drugs and drug abuse, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-0355.www.SciLinks.org

37. Section 1 Answers Interest Grabber Answers 1.List three other examples of homeostasis that occur in organisms. Accept all reasonable student examples that show an understanding of homeostasis. 2.Why is homeostasis important to an organism? Homeostasis allows an organism to remain in balance with its environment. If homeostasis is not maintained, it can harm the organism or result in the death of the organism.

38. Section 2 Answers Interest Grabber Answers 1. Think about tying the shoelace of a sneaker. Construct a flowchart that shows what happens between your eyes and your brain, and between your brain and your hands, when you tie a bow in the shoelace. Students’ flowcharts should include: The eyes inform the brain about the position of the hands and the shoelace; the brain signals the hands how to move to begin to tie the bow; and so on. 2. How would the communications be different if you tried to tie the shoelace with your eyes closed? All information about the position of the shoelace would have to come from the hands as they feel and manipulate the shoelace.

39. Section 3 Answers Interest Grabber Answers 1.Which brainlike functions can already be performed by computers? Computation and data sorting 2.Which brainlike functions cannot be performed by computers? Original thought and perception of emotions 3.How successful do you think you (or anyone) could be in designing a computer that can perform all the functions of the human brain? Explain your answer. Students will likely say not successful, because a computer cannot be designed to feel emotions.

40. Section 4 Answers Interest Grabber Answers 1. List ten things you observe about the room you are in. Students will likely describe the shape and color of the room, what is written on the chalkboard, whether doors or windows are open, how bright the lighting is, the temperature, ticking of a clock, rustling of papers, and so on. 2. Next to each observation, write the sense that you used to make that observation. Most observations are likely to be based on sight and hearing. If students list only visual observations, have them make some observations with their eyes closed. 3. What sense did you use most? Possible answer: sight

41. Section 5 Answers Interest Grabber Answers 1.Complete a brief sketch of your idea on a sheet of paper. What effects of drugs does your poster depict? Possible answer: negative effects on the brain, which may result in various types of injuries or death. 2.Why do you think teenagers will pay attention to your poster? Answers will depend on the design of the poster. Teenagers may respond to concern about loss of mental or athletic ability or concern about possible injuries.

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