5. Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Computer Networking

6. What is computer networking????

7. There are two (broad) types of networks in existence at the moment. These are: 1. Local Area Network (LAN): A Local Area Network is a network that spans a relatively small space and provides services to a small amount of people. Depending on the amount of people that use a Local Area Network, a peer-to-peer or client-server method of networking may be used.  Peer to peer is an approach to computer networking where all computers share equivalent responsibility for processing data.  A client-server network is where every client is connected to the server and each other. Client-server networks use servers in different capacities. There are two (broad) types of networks in existence at the moment. These are: 1. Local Area Network (LAN): A Local Area Network is a network that spans a relatively small space and provides services to a small amount of people. Depending on the amount of people that use a Local Area Network, a peer-to-peer or client-server method of networking may be used.  Peer to peer is an approach to computer networking where all computers share equivalent responsibility for processing data.  A client-server network is where every client is connected to the server and each other. Client-server networks use servers in different capacities.

8. A Wide Area Network is a network where a wide variety of resources are deployed across a large domestic area or internationally. An example of this is a multinational business that uses a WAN to interconnect their offices in different countries. The largest and best example of a WAN is the Internet, which is the largest network in the world. At that time, only the very meager beginnings of a public global network were in place. Throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, a number of smaller national networks like ARPANET, BITNET, CSNET, and NSFNET evolved, merged, or dissolved, then finally joined with non-US networks to form the global Internet.

9. A wireless network is basically the same as a LAN or a WAN but there are no wires between hosts and servers. The data is transfered over sets of radio trancievers. These types of networks are beneficial when it is to costly or inconvenient to run the necessary cables. In order for communication to take place between computers, mediums must be used. These mediums include Protocols, Physical Routers and Ethernet, etc. This is covered by Open Systems Interconnection which comprises all the processes that make information transport possible.

10. Network topology represents its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In so called bus networks, for example, all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, all data flows through one centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh.  Bus Network Topology A bus topology such as 10Base-2 or 10Base-5 Ethernet uses a single communication backbone for all devices.  Ring Network Topology A ring topology such as FDDI or SONET sends messages clockwise or counterclockwise through the shared link. Network topology represents its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In so called bus networks, for example, all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, all data flows through one centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh.  Bus Network Topology A bus topology such as 10Base-2 or 10Base-5 Ethernet uses a single communication backbone for all devices.  Ring Network Topology A ring topology such as FDDI or SONET sends messages clockwise or counterclockwise through the shared link.

11.  Star Network Topology A star topology typically uses a network hub or switch and is common in home networks.  Mesh Network Topology A mesh topology provides redundant communication paths between some or all devices (partial or full mesh).  Tree Network Topology A tree topology integrates the star and bus topologies in a hybrid approach to improve network scalability.

12. BUS NETWORK TOPOLOGY

13. RING NETWORK TOPOLOGY

14. STAR NETWORK TOPOLOGY

15. MESH NETWORK TOPOLOGY

16. TREE NETWORK TOPOLOGY

17. N ETWORK P ROTOCOL In networking, the communication language used by computer devices is called the protocol. Popular protocols include TCP/IP, the most common protocol found on the Internet and in home networks.

18. W IRED VS WIRELESS NETWORKING Wireless networks utilize radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communication channels between computers. Wireless networking is a more modern alternative to wired networking that relies on copper and/or fiber optic cabling between network devices. A wireless network offers advantages and disadvantages compared to a wired network. Advantages of wireless include mobility and elimination of unsightly cables. Disadvantages of wireless include the potential for radio interference due to weather, other wireless devices, or obstructions like walls.

19. Bluetooth is a specification for the use of low- power radio communications to wirelessly link phones, computers and other network devices over short distances. Wi-Fi is the industry name for wireless LAN (WLAN) communication technology related to the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless networking standards.

20. T HE BENEFITS OF NETWORKING ( EITHER WIRED OR WIRELESS ) IN HOMES ARE : File sharing Printer / peripheral sharing Internet connection sharing Multi-player games Internet telephone service Home entertainment

21. WiredWireless InstallationModerate difficultyEasier, but bewaere interference CostLessMore ReliabilityHighReasonably high PerformanceVery goodGood SecurityReasonably good MobilitylimitedOutstanding