1. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 1/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES NSLS-II Accelerator System Advisory Committee Review Diagnostics Design and R&D Om Singh – Group Leader July 17-18, 2008

2. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 2/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Outline SR Diagnostics Hardware -- Layout & Locations RF BPM Resolution Requirements – Various time scale Standard RF BPM Insertion Device RF BPM RF BPM Electronics Evaluation Pin-hole Camera Resolution Simulation Near Term Plan Summary

3. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 3/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES SR Cell Diagnostics Systems – BPM & Beam Loss Monitors 3PW or BM B-Line BPM SC FC FC FC FC SC BPM A) Standard Gap RF BPM  6 per cell B) Small Gap RF BPMs  2 or 3 per Cell; Button Assembly on a Stand or ID Chamber D) Slow & Fast Correctors C) X-ray BPMs – up to 2 / FE ID Beamline E) Beam Loss monitor (Location TBD)  p-i-n diode detector ; 2 per cell  scintillation detectors; 10 total F) RF PUEs  2 total for top-off

4. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 4/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES SR Diagnostics Hardware Locations - Preliminary LocationHardware Cell 22 - 3PWDiagnostics Beamline – X-Ray pinhole Cell 24 - BM-ADiagnostics Beamline – zone plates imaging Cell 26 - 3PW location 1 short stripline – 0.15 m Cell 28 - 3PW location 1 short stripline – 0.15 m Cell 30 – BM-A Source Diagnostics Beamline – Visible Synch. imaging Cell 30 – CH2S2A location Vertical Scraper # 2 Cell 30 – Up of P3S4A BPM Horizontal Scraper # 2 LocationHardware Cell 1 (or 29) – Up of P3S4B BPM Horizontal Scraper # 1 Cell 1 (or 29) – 3PW location Vertical Scraper # 1 Cell 7 - Upstream of ID 1 Long stripline – 0.3 m Cell 11 - Upstream of ID 1 Long stripline – 0.3 m 1 DCCT – 0.3 m Cell 27 – 3PW location 1 Short stripline Cell 29 – 3PW location 1 Short stripline Odd Cells Even Cells

5. BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Types of source 8.6m ID 1-T 3-Pole wiggler Bend magnet 6.6m ID  x (µm) 10817544.229.6  x’ (µrad) 4.61463.116.9  y (µm) 4.812.415.73.1  y’ (µrad) 1.70.620.632.6 NSLS-II Lattice Functions & Electron Beam sizes / divergences Lattice Functions Electron Beam Sizes & Divergences Most challenging Beam stability Requirements = ~ 0.31 μm

6. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 6/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES NSLS-II SR RF BPM System – Performance Requirements* Parameters/ SubsystemsConditions Standard RF BPM System Resolution Requirement VerticalHorizontal Single bunch, Single turn resolution (@ 378 kHz) 0.05 nC charge500 μm rms 5.0 nC charge20 μm rms Single bunch stored beam resolution (0.017-200 Hz BW) 0.02 mA current10 μm rms 2.0 mA current1 μm rms 50 mA *** to 500 mA Stored beam resolution – 20% to 100 % duty cycle BPM Receiver Electronics Assuming no contribution from bunch/ fill pattern effects **0.017 Hz to 200 Hz0.2 μm rms0.3 μm rms 200 Hz to 2000 Hz0.4 μm rms0.6 μm rms **1 min to 8 hr drift0.2 μm pk-pk0.5 μm pk-pk Bunch charge/ fill pattern effects only DC to 2000 Hz 0.2 μm rms0.3 μm rms Mechanical motion limit at Pick-up electrodes assembly (ground & support combined) Vibrations50 Hz to 2000 Hz10 nm rms 4 Hz to 50 Hz25 nm rms 0.5 Hz to 4 Hz200 nm rms Thermal **1 min to 8 hr200 nm pk-pk500 nm pk-pk * Requirement values are preliminary - work in progress ** ID BPM system resolution values will be smaller ( factor of ~ 0.5) *** @ 5 mA – 50 mA stored beam, BPM receiver resolution values will be worse (factor of ~2) (Req. met - Test Data Later)

7. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 7/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES BPM Evaluation - Baseline Design Baseline Design (one button/flange)  Consists of one 10 mm dia. button w 34 mm flanges  ~ 28 mm horizontal separation & ~ 25 mm vertical aperture  Matlab Simulation  input power level @ 500 mA= - 2 dBm (OK)  S x =~ 0.12 / mm ; S y =~ 0.04 / mm (low)  Electronic Resolution in frequency band 0.017 – 200 Hz  H-Resolution =~ 100 nm ; V-Resolution =~ 300 nm Baseline Design (28x25) S X =~0.12 S Y =~0.04

8. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 8/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES BPM Evaluation - Proposed Design Proposed Design (two button/flange)  Consists of two ~7 mm dia. buttons on a single 50 mm dia. Flange; with ~16 mm H- separation (vertical aperture remains same - 25mm)  Two buttons on a flange reduces total flange counts & makes survey/ alignment process easier  7 mm button (over 10 mm) is also favored for beam heating issue 50 16 25 2 A A

9. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 9/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES BPM Evaluation - Proposed Design (cntd) Proposed Design (two button/flange)  Matlab Simulation shows  input power level @ 500 mA = -8 dBm (OK)  S x =~ 0.09 / mm ; S y =~ 0.09 / mm (OK)  Electronic Resolution in 0.017 – 200 Hz BW  H-Resolution =~ 135 nm V-Resolution =~ 135 nm (200 nm reqd) Resolution vs Input Power -8 dBm Resolution S X =~0.09 S Y =~0.09

10. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 10/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Flange Layout – 7mm buttons

11. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 11/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES RF BPM Button  Findings, recommendations and comments: Button block cooling issues should be addressed, including block distortion and the possible compromise of Helicoflex flex gasket integrity due to beam heating from trapped modes (Diamond experience). A smaller button diameter should be considered to reduce button heating and impedance (look at the ALBA paper submitted to the 2007 DIPAC). NSLS-II Accelerator Technical Review Instrumentation and Diagnostics August 9-10, 2007 Report of the Review Committee submitted September 28, 2007  Button Heating

12. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 12/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES RF Button Heating Mini-Workshop at EPAC (June,2008)  Organized by Soleil/NSLS-II - attended by experts from NSLS- II, KEK, Soleil, Diamond, PEP-II, ESRF, PETRA-III, SLS, SPEAR3, Bergoz & Others.  Presentations from NSLS-II, Soleil, Diamond, ESRF  Measured temperatures of connector pin on ambient side in the range of 60 o C @ ESRF in the range of 100 o C @Diamond suggesting buttons themselves may be considerably hotter (~ several hundred o C)  Estimated power at Diamond (from both GdfidL and temperature measurements) is ~5W/button, distortions/ position drifts are large ~10 microns  Scaling to NSLS-II parameters suggests to do initial Ansys analysis with ~3W/button

13. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 13/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES RF Button Heating mini-Workshop at EPAC (June,2008) (cntd)  Agreement on mechanism of heating – hi Q trapped mode in transmission line formed by outer circumference of button and inner surface of housing.  Diamond results suggest - do initial Ansys analysis with 3W/button to get thermal distribution/distortion – this is in progress  Soleil simulations suggest - adjust button thickness and gap to wall to change transmission line impedance  Gdfidl simulation - K loss factor as thickness 0.012 V/pc @ 2 mm; 0.007 V/pc @ 5mm  Repeat the analysis with “Microwave Studio” simulation  Ongoing communication/collaboration with other labs

14. BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES ID BPM Button - Baseline Design ~70 mm ~10 mm  Baseline design provides adequate sensitivity – S X =0.26; S Y =0.14  Detail button heating analysis needs to be done with NSLS-II beam  Two configurations of ID BPMs are proposed Normal configuration - uses a low thermal expansion stand for stability Alternate configuration – buttons mounted on ID chamber, when adequate space is not available for bellows, transitions and stand. Established Design – used at APS & Elettra Two 4 mm Dia buttons HS = 10 mm Flanges mounted on top & bottom of Small gap Chamber

15. BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Sensitivity Optimization – Rotated Flange  Vertical sensitivity will be further optimized by rotating the 2-button flange, if needed  Effects of longitudinal displacement of buttons needs to be analyzed Rotated Un-Rotated Sensitivity vs H-separation

16. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 16/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Calibrator Set-up  Confirm transfer function calculations Use single wire to simulate beam current; mounted on two motor controlled assemblies. Use two 34 mm dia. flanges; mount on a large flange to adjust H-separation by rotation  Explore interaction between beampipe modes and button resonance  Evaluate BPM electronics Develop beam simulator – Possible Collaboration with SLAC Evaluate position and fill pattern dependencies – critical for top off operation

17. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 17/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES ID-BPM Stable Support 10” Dia Carbon fiber composite stand limits thermal expansion to 20 nm/m/0.1 o C BPM assembly –  has 3 invar rods for alignment  small gap vertical aperture & 4 mm dia buttons for optimizing sensitivity  Standard size flange at each end Specification  Total Thermal expansion < 100 nm R. Alforque

18. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 18/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES ID BPM Support Thermal Stability  Position Stability Requirement for User BPMs is 100nm vertical  Temperature stability spec for the tunnel is +/- 0.1C  Need to verify that support post meets spec Build a fiducial structure using additional low TEC posts (next slide) Thermally isolate the fiducial, and give it lots of mass (  ~ 1 week) Thermally isolate the test post, use heaters to vary temperature (  ~ 1 hour) Use capacitive and DVRT sensors to measure length variations  Status DAQ, some position sensors, and some temperature sensors in house POs for remaining position and temperature sensors have been written Shop fabrication of the test stand is underway

19. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 19/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES ~48” Notes: 1.All components to be wrapped with insulating blankets wherever possible 2. 3/16” sstl rods in tension will support the central tube 3. All materials sstl other than the carbon fiber tubes Indicates Pt temp sensor Indicates TC temp sensor ID-BPM Support Test Set-up at both ends measure relative displacement due to temperature variation

20. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 20/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES RF BPM Electronics -Proposed Studies Long term stability (for centered and off-centered beams) Measure dynamic range Dependence on ambient temperature Fill pattern dependence (including different envelopes) Dependence on RF frequency Effects of cable length mismatch Noise spectrum Explore for “ dangerous ” frequencies Signal pre-processing Establish acceptance test requirements

21. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 21/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Stand for Stability Test for Libera Brilliance Libera Brilliance Attenuator ABCD 4-way Splitter Gated Oscillator Func. Generator Attenuator system clock machine clock 500 MHz Reference 10 MHz External Clock Repeater RF frequency can be modified by external clock Chosen configuration provides phase locking between carrier and beam envelope Arbitrary waveform generator - provides amplitude or phase modulation/ trigger pulse modulation Temperature is monitored with platinum PT-100 probe using Digital Multi-meter

22. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 22/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES First Results from the Libera Tests – Meet Drift Spec. TEMP ~ 1 o C HOR ~ 200 nm VERT ~ 100 nm TEMP HOR VERT 7 Hrs  Power level 6 dBm (0 dBm at each input)  80% fill (2 μs pulse duration with 2.62 μs pulse repetition rate)  Temperature Drift 200 nm /°C

23. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 23/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Pinhole Camera with 3PW Source 3PW has higher magnetic field (1.14 T) than dipole. Shorter critical wavelength provides better spatial resolution. Large vertical β- function (21 m) gives large beam size (12.4 μ). Horizontal beam size is defined predominantly by energy spread (σE/E · η=170μ) rather than emittance (1nm · 4.1m) ½ =64 μ. Attenuator reduces heat load on elements and serves as high pass filter for synchrotron radiation. Estimation of resolution is done using MATLAB script.  Achievable resolution of 5.2 microns is sufficient for reliable measurement of vertical beam size (12.5 microns for 8 pm emittance)  Image of the beam is magnified by factor 5 and loss of resolution due to phosphor is of less importance) Three-pole wiggler Bending magnet Al window Attenuator Tungsten Pinhole CdWO 4 scintillator Mirror Camera L 1 =3 m L 2 =15 m

24. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 24/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Near Term Plan  Complete detail RF button heating analysis  Prototype two-button/flange BPM & test  ID-BPM support procurement in process  Design & build test set-up to measure support thermal stability  Integrate & test BPM calibrator set-up with computer control  Develop program to evaluate/ compare BPM electronics

25. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 25/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Summary  Location of bpms and diagnostics hardware have been identified  SR BPM resolution requirement table vs time scale in progress  New button design in progress for standard RF BPM  Heat issues are being addressed for standard & ID BPMs (RF)  ID-BPM support design is complete; Procurement is progress  ID-BPM support thermal test set-up designs in progress  ID-BPM calibration test set-up complete; Integration to follow  Pin-hole diagnostic beamline design analysis in progress  Near term plan has been identified

26. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 26/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Acknowledgements R. Alforque, A. Blednykh, A. Broadbent, P. Cameron, B. Dalesio, L. Doom, R. Heese, G. Ganetis, D. Hseuh, E. Johnson, S. Kramer, F. Lincoln, R. Meier, I. Pinayev, J. Rose. S. Ozaki, S. Krinsky, B. Mullany, V. Ravindranath, S. Sharma, J. Skaritika, T. Tanabe, T. Shaftan, W. Wildes, F. Willeke, L.Y. Yu.

27. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 27/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Backup Slides

28. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 28/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Diagnostics System Hardware Layout Dipole (BM-A) QL1 QL2 QL3 SL3 SL2 e-e- Dipole (BM-B) Short straight section – 11-ID DCCT Stripline SCW e-e- ~1 m 4 diagnostics hardware slots at 3 PW locations Cell # 26-29

29. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 29/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES courtesy Alexei Blednykh

30. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 30/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES courtesy Alexei Blednykh

31. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 31/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Ploss, W th=2mmth=5mm  loss, V/pC  s =4.5mm 3.4 (h=1000) 6.8 (h=500) 1.6 (h=1000) 3.3 (h=500)  loss, V/pC  s =6.5mm 1 (h=1000) 2 (h=500) 0.5 (h=1000) 0.9 (h=500)  loss, V/pC  s =30mm 0.03 (h=1000) 0.07 (h=500) 0.01 (h=1000) 0.03 (h=500)  loss, V/pC th=2mmth=5mm  s =4.5mm 5.2e-32.5e-3  s =6.5mm 1.5e-30.7e-3  s =30mm 0.05e-30.02e-3 I av =500mA, T 0 =2.6e-6m Loss factor and Power Loss

32. NSLS-II ASAC Review – 7/17-18/2008 32/ 26 BROOKHAVEN SCIENCE ASSOCIATES Partial Compilation of Relevant Parameters color code: yellow – NSLS-II options red – danger of physical damage purple – thermal distortion due to heating