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Senior University Fall 2008 The Phantom Science Session 5 From the Fall of the Roman Empire to Columbus What a Ride!!!

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Presentation on theme: "Senior University Fall 2008 The Phantom Science Session 5 From the Fall of the Roman Empire to Columbus What a Ride!!!"— Presentation transcript:

1 Senior University Fall 2008 The Phantom Science Session 5 From the Fall of the Roman Empire to Columbus What a Ride!!!

2 The Streams which turn the Machinery of the World take their Rise in Solitary Places

3 Set Your Watch on Mountain Time dbeau1@suddenlink.net

4 A Review: World’s Earliest Civilizations

5 Review

6 Review: Out of the Flood Plain & into the Hills Roman Empire: 146 BC to 476 AD Notice the Movement To the West

7 The First 1000 Years AD The Fall of the Roman Empire The Advent of Christianity The Rise of the Muslim Empire The Rise of the Franks (France & Spain) The Appearance of the Huns The Struggle for the Iron and Coal of Europe begins in Earnest

8 Fall of Rome Islam The First 1000 Years AD

9 The World Early in the First 1000 years AD (The Roman Empire) Review: Natural Resources of Roman Empire

10 Po River Flood plain Iron Roman Empire: Getting Started Focus on Northern Italy Iron

11 Northern Italy: Homeland Natural Resources Coal The materials of War!

12 The World Early in the First 1000 years AD (The Roman Empire) What did Rome gain in France?

13 Natural Resources of France What did Rome gain in Spain?

14 Northern Spain Iron, Coal, and Tin What did Rome gain in Southern Spain? Tin

15 Southern Spain Copper and Coal What did Rome gain in Britain?

16 The World Early in the First 1000 years AD (The Roman Empire) What did Rome gain in Britain?

17 Natural Resources of Great Britain Focusing on England and Wales

18 Natural Resources of England & Wales Coal Iron Tin What did Rome gain in North Africa?

19 The World Early in the First 1000 years AD (The Roman Empire) What did Rome gain in North Africa?

20 Natural Resources of North Africa Coal Iron Natural resources of Egypt

21 Natural Resources of Egypt Iron Natural resources of Greece

22 Natural Resources of Greece GreekGreek Coal Iron Copper What did Rome gain in Turkey?

23 The World Early in the First 1000 years AD (The Roman Empire) What did Rome gain in Turkey?

24 Coal Iron Copper Now, the Mid First Millennium AD What did Rome gain in Turkey?

25 The World in the Early First 1000 years AD Parthia: Iraq & Iran Natural Resources of the Middle East

26 Coal Iron Copper Natural Resources: Parthia (Persia) Metal Resources in Iran

27 The World Early in the First 1000 years AD (The Roman Empire) The Huns Gold The Natural Resources of the Huns (eastern Russia)

28 Coal Iron Copper Tin Land of the Huns Natural Resources Eastern Russia

29 Land of the Huns Coal Iron Copper Tin Huns move to Germany in mid-Millennium

30 The Franks Acquire the Metals of France and Spain Only India (Gupta) remains a flood plains Empire China has always been “Hill Country” due to hills’ next to rivers The World about Mid-Millennium Let’s look at the Huns of Germany and western Russia The Huns Acquire the Metals of Central Europe (Germany & west Russia)

31 Northern Germany Down In Central Germany

32 Central Germany Iron, Coal and Copper And in Austria and Hungary

33 Hungary and Austria

34 Central Germany and Austria-Hungary Natural Resources of Western Russia

35 Natural Resources Western Russia Coal Iron Copper Part of Hun Empire Toward the end of the 1 st Millennium

36 Toward the end of the 1 st Millennium The Muslim Empire

37 World Empires and Religions Empires that produced a sustained religion India: Ganges River flood plain= Hinduism China: Yellow River flood Plain=Confucianism India (Tibet): Himalayan Mountains=Buddhism A Religion that produced an Empire Islam: Out of the Saudi Desert

38 Hinduism 0 500 1000 20001500 500 Buddhism Judaism Christianity Christianity Islam Islam Mohammed (AD 570-632) Mecca, Saudi Arabia Prophet of God Confucianism

39 Hinduism 0 500 1000 20001500 500 Confucianism Judaism Christianity Christianity Islam Buddhism 1000 GreeceRome Islam Empire

40 Beginning in the desert of Saudi Arabia Muslim Expansion: Out of the Desert! Egypt Iraq & Iran Amazing Expansion by Military Conquest

41 Mohammed (AD 570-632) Mecca, Saudi Arabia Prophet of God World Conquests (acquiring resources) 637 Jerusalem 640 Persia (India part) 689 North Africa 711 Spain Conquests: 634 Syria

42 Muslim Expansion West through Africa and East to India (worlds best steel!!) In India, got steel-making technology brought it to Europe (Damascus Steel) From North Africa into Spain and on into France. The Battle of Tours

43 0 500 1000 20001500 500 1000 Battle of Tours, 732 AD GreeceRome Islam Empire Battle of Tours: Most important Battle in History of the West!!! Gave “Western Christianity” the Natural Resources (metals) of Europe Gave Western Europe the “Simple” Geology of Great Britain, France and Germany

44 Battle of Tours 732 Muslim Expansion Stopped in France Muslims Franks Remember the Natural Resources of the Franks

45 Battle at Tours Franks Muslims The Natural Resources of the Franks

46 Toward the end of the 1 st Millennium The Vikings

47 Vikings: Norway & Sweden Iron Copper An isolated nation in Africa

48 Toward the end of the 1 st Millennium Ghana

49 Ghana: Gold! 1000 AD to 1700 AD The Struggle for Europe

50 1000 AD to 1700 AD The Struggle for Europe The Crusades to Columbus Who will control the Iron & Coal of Europe Who will control the Soul & Mind of Europe

51 Who controls the Iron & Coal of Europe Who wants Europe’s Natural Resources?

52 Population of Today’s Eastern Hemisphere The Stage The Iron & Coal Prize The Struggle for the Iron & Coal of Europe The Players Who wants Europe’s Natural Resources?

53 Where are the Iron and Coal Resources of “Europe”? Spain France Britain Germany Russia Turkey North Africa Where will the Intellectual Struggle take place?

54 The Struggle for the Soul & Mind of Europe The Stage The Actors Rome Spain France Britain Germany Russia The Military Christian Mind: The Crusades

55 First Crusade: 1097 to 1099 AD Early Christian use of Steel Iron Crusaders Jerusalem States Created by First Crusade

56 States Created by First Crusade Fatal Strategic Disadvantage of Christian Palestine. No Access to Iron The Struggle for the Iron & Coal of Europe

57 Remember the Action The Principal “Players” The Iron & Coal Prize The Struggle for the Iron & Coal of Europe

58 The Mongol Empires 1200 AD – 1380 AD A Closer Look

59 The Mongol Empires 1200 AD – 1380 AD Land of the Huns Russian Metals Competition for the Riches of the Far East The Tables are turned from West to East in the late 1400’s AD The Metals Of China The metals of Iran Muslims Christians

60 Christian Europe vs Muslim Africa-Middle East Competition for the Riches of the Far East

61 Europe’s Metals & Coal Marco Polo’s Route Metals & Spices of China Tin, Copper, & Iron The Competition Ends in the Christian Discovery of the New World of North and South America

62 Columbus commissioned by Spain to find the short cut to China by sailing west Europe divides up the Western Hemisphere Muslim Empire in Eclipse Scientific Achievements by the time of Columbus

63 0 500 1000 20001500 500 1000 Spherical Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD Sun center of our solar system Tours GreeceRome Marco Polo Scientific Achievements by 1500 AD 1. Marco Polo proves the size of the Eurasian supercontinent 2. Spherical Earth 3. Sun Center of Our Solar System Muslims Empire Columbus

64 Medieval and Renaissance Times Theories on Earth Shapes One Super Continent (Eurasia & Africa) Marco Polo: 1271-1295 opens China Earth a Sphere, 250 BC-1492 AD 200 BC Greek philosophers, 100 AD Marinus of Tyre, 150 AD Ptolemy, 1492 AD Columbus Natural Science (geology) after 1500 AD was strongly influenced by Bible account of a Recent Creation & a Catastrophic Flood Yet, there were a few famous doubters

65 1500 Early Renaissance Leonardo de Vinci: Questioning of Biblical Flood Layered fossil rich rocks far from the Sea. 1. too far from sea to have crawled 2. some unbroken, not swept in 3. fossil beds mixed with non fossil beds Conclusion: Fossils beds not evidence of Noah’s Flood And now finally, a Geological Textbook on Mining!!

66 0 500 1000 20001500 500 1000 Round Earth 250 BC to 1492 AD Sun center of our universe Tours Crusades GreeceRome Marco Polo Da Vinci De Re Metallica Georg Bauer (Agricola) (1494-1556) First mining textbook, “De Re Metallica” Columbus 1492 A First Geological Textbook

67 Georg Bauer (Agricola) (1494-1556) First Mining Textbook, “De Re Metallica” Translated by the Hoovers from the Latin Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover Observations on “De Re Metallica”

68 Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover Observations on “De Re Metallica” Considering the part which the metallic arts have played in human history, the paucity of their literature down to Agricola’s time is amazing. No doubt the (metallic) arts were jealously guarded by their practitioners as a sort of stock-in-trade, and it is probable that those who had knowledge were not usually of a literary turn of mind; and, on the other hand, the small army of writer prior to his time were not much interested in the description of industrial pursuits.

69 Egypt Assyria Phoenicia Greece Persia Italy Earliest Sources of Copper Ore Before 3000 BC Extensive NOTES by the Hoovers on Mining History Mining Scenes from De Re Metallica

70 Mining Scenes from De Re Metallica Above ground Under ground Fire & Water used to break rocks

71 Mining Scenes from De Re Metallica Hoovers on Iron and Bronze ages

72 The archaeologists’ divisions---Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages---may serve (them but) metallurgists have not hesitated to protest. No doubt (their ages) represent the sequence in which the metal objects are found, yet it by no means follows that was the order of their discovery. Note: p.420 Hoovers on Iron and Bronze ages A small sample of the Hoovers notes on the history of Ore Mining

73 A small sample of the Hoovers notes on the history of Ore Mining Some Great Minds in Natural Science in the 1500 & 1600’s

74 Geology in Medieval and Renaissance Times Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) fossil shells are remains of once-living marine shell fish. Georg Bauer (Agricola) (1494-1556) First mining textbook, “De Re Metallica” Conrad Gesner 1565, “Fossils, Shells, & Gems

75 Sun, not Earth, Solar System Center Copernicus, 1543. Galileo, 1642 Sir Isaac Newton, 1687

76 Medieval and Renaissance Times 1600’s Noah’s Flood responsible for all rocks and fossils. Werner = Neptunism Burnet = Catastrophism Woodward = Fossils 1600’s Consensus: Job 12:10 “that the hand of the Lord has done all these things (NOT TOO LONG AGO)” The Recent Creation of Earth

77 Bishop Ussher, 1452 to 1519 Biblical Chronology: Creation 4004 BC Martin Luther: Comments on Genesis Creation

78 “When Moses writes that God created heaven and earth and whatever is in them in six days, then let this period continue to have been six days, and do not venture to devise any comment according to which six days were one day. But, if you cannot understand how this could have been done in six days, then grant the Holy Spirit the honor of being more learned than you are.” Martin Luther: Comments on Genesis Creation Time Line: Some Important Events

79 1550 1400 17001650 1450 15001600 Time Line: Some Important Events Copernicus, 1543 Galileo, 1642 Sir Isaac Newton, 1687 1492 AD Columbus Leonardo de vinci 1452-1519 Bishop Ussher Chronology Luther, 95 Theses PRINTING None of these Monumental Events are Particularly Geologic, but

80 At the close of the 17 th Century Natural Philosophy (geology) was in harmony with the Western Ecclesiastical, Political, & Economic Power Structure of the Time! THIS HARMONY WOULD NOT LAST LONG!! Next Week: Our last session together!

81 Senior University Fall 2008 The Phantom Science Session 6 The Rise & Fall(?) of the West The Fat Lady Sings All This Belongs to You


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