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SPONGES. Some basic sponge structure Asconoid LeuconoidSyconoid Increasing surface area for same volume.

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Presentation on theme: "SPONGES. Some basic sponge structure Asconoid LeuconoidSyconoid Increasing surface area for same volume."— Presentation transcript:

1 SPONGES

2 Some basic sponge structure Asconoid LeuconoidSyconoid Increasing surface area for same volume

3 Structure of the sponge wall

4 Unique features Choanocytes Spicules

5 CalcareousSiliceous Collagen (= spongin)

6 Spicules form a meshwork for support

7 Sponge Classification PhylumClassCharacteristics PoriferaCalcarea-CaCO3 spicules - all are marine Hexactinellida-SiO3 spicules - 6-rayed spicules - all are marine - “ glass sponges ” Demospongiae -SiO3 spicules - may have spongin - marine, brackish or fresh water Sclerospongiae- coralline sponges -reassigned to Demospongiae and Calcarea (1985)

8 Page in “ Reef Creatures ” GenusCommon Name 17Pseudoceratina-branching tube sponge 17Pseudoceratina-branching tube sponge 17Pseudoceratina-branching tube sponge 19Aplysina-Stove pipe sponge 21Aplysina-yellow tube sponge 21Aplysina-yellow tube (shallow) sponge 25Callyspongia-branching vase sponge 25Callyspongia-branching vase sponge (fan) 29Xestospongia-giant barrel sponge 33Cinachyra- orange ball sponge 35Tedania-fire sponge 37Neofibrularia- touch-me-not sponge 38Aplysina-rope sponge 39Aplysina-rope sponge 57Cliona-red boring sponge Sponges you ’ ll have to know and love

9 Sponges - Pseudoceratina Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Branching tube sponges

10 Sponges - Aplysina Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Stovepipe/tube sponges

11 Sponges - Callyspongia Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Branching vase sponges

12 Sponges - Xestospongia Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Giant Barrel sponges

13 Sponges - Cinachyra Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Ball sponges

14 Sponges - Tedania Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Fire sponges

15 Sponges - Neofibrularia Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Touch-me-not sponges

16 Sponges - Aplysina Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Rope sponges

17 Sponges - Cliona Pseudoceratina Aplysina Callyspongia Xestospongia Cinachyra Tedania Neofibrularia Aplysina Cliona Encrusting/Boring sponges

18 INVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION

19 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Annelida - segmented worms Fireworms - Hermodice

20 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Annelida - segmented worms Featherduster worms - Sabellastarte

21 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Annelida - segmented worms Christmas tree worms - Spirobranchus

22 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Crustacea Banded coral shrimp - Stenopus hispidus

23 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Crustacea Pedersen ’ s cleaner shrimp - Periclemines pedersoni

24 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Crustacea Arrow crab - Stenorhynchus

25 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Crustacea Caribbean Spiny lobster - Panulirus argus

26 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Caribbean Reef Squid - Sepioteuthis

27 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Common Octopus - Octopus

28 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Queen conch - Strombus gigas

29 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Flamingo tongue - Cyphoma gibbosum

30 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Lettuce Sea Slug - Elysia (Tridachia) crispata

31 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Mollusca Fuzzy Chiton - Acanthopleura

32 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Tunicata/Ascidia/Urochordata Painted tunicate - Clavelina

33 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) Tunicata/Ascidia/Urochordata Mangrove tunicate - Ecteinascidia

34 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Crinoidea Golden crinoid - Davidaster

35 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Crinoidea Black-and-white crinoid - Nemaster

36 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Ophuroidea Brittlestar - Ophiothrix

37 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Echinoidea Long-spined urchin - Diadema antillarum

38 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Echinoidea West Indian sea egg - Tripneustes

39 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Holothurea Donkey dung sea cucumber - Holothuria mexicana

40 Invertebrate Identification 1.Annelida 2.Crustacea 3.Mollusca 4.Tunicates(Urochordates) 5.Echinodermata Echinodermata - Holothurea Tiger tail sea cucumber - Holothuria thomasi

41 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Pomacentridae - Damselfish Dusky Damselfish3-spot DamselfishBeaugregoryBicolor Adult Juvenile All are in the genus Stegastes

42 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Pomacentridae - Damselfish Sergeant Major - Abudefduf Blue Chromis - Chromis

43 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Carangidae - jacks Bar Jack - CaranxPermit - Trachinotus Adult

44 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Carcharinidae - sharks Black tip reef shark -Charcharinus Nurse shark - Ginglymostoma Adult

45 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Dasyatidae - rays Southern sting ray -Dasyatis Adult

46 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Serranidae - groupers Jewfish Red grouper Red hind All are in the genus Epinelphelus Nassau grouper

47 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Serranidae - groupers Both are in the genus Mycertoperca Black grouper Tiger grouper

48 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Sphyraenidae - barracuda Sphyraena

49 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Parrotfish - Scaridae - Scarus Stoplight Rainbow Queen

50 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Parrotfish - Scaridae - Scarus Initial Phase Terminal Phase

51 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Balistidae - Filefish/Triggerfish Gray Triggerfish - Balistes Slender filefish - Monacanthis Whitespotted filefish - Balistes

52 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Tetraodontidae - Puffers Pufferfish - Sphaeriodes Balloonfish - Diodon

53 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Chaetodontidae - Butterfly fish Cherubfish - Centropyge Reef - Chaetodon Longsnout - Chaetodon Banded - Chaetodon Foureyed - Chaetodon Spotfin - Chaetodon

54 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Pomacanthidae - Angel fish Blue - HolacanthusFrench - Pomacanthus Queen - Holacanthus Juveniles

55 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Haemulidae - Grunts - Haemulon Bluestriped French Cottonwick Margate

56 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Lutjanidae - Snappers - Lutjanus Gray RedDog Mutton Schoolmaster

57 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Serranidae - sea basses Soapfish - RypticusLantern bass - Serranus Tobaccofish - Serranus

58 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Others Aulostomus - Aulostomidae - trumpet fish

59 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Acanthurus - Acanthuridae Surgeonfish/Tang Gobiosoma - Gobiidae Gobies

60 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Labridae - wrasses Bodianus - Spanish hogfish Clepticus - creole wrasse

61 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Labridae - wrasses All are in the genus Halichoeres Bluehead Puddingwife Slippery dick juvenile

62 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Holocentridae - squirrelfish All are in the genus Holocentrus Dusky squirrelfish Reef squirrelfish

63 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Apogon - Apogonidae - cardinalfish

64 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Ostraciidae - cowfish Spotted cowfish - Lactophrys

65 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Sciaenidae - drums - Equetus Spotted drum Jacknife fish Highhat

66 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Muraenidae - morays - Gymnothorax Green moraySpotted moray

67 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Congridae - garden eels - Heteroconger

68 Fish Identification 1.Midwater invertebrate feeders 2.Midwater Piscivores 3.Large Piscivores 4.Coral Feeders 5.Benthic invertebrate feeders 6.Small fish feeders 7.Browsers/grazers 8.Others Ophichthidae - snake eels - Myrichthyes

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