1. University Of Maine Clean Snowmobile The Rock!

2. Introduction Maine – New England Snowmobiling! The Economic Impact –3000 full time equivalent jobs* –Jobs are in Northern Maine Badly needed jobs Who is riding? http://www.northernoutdoors.com/Snow.html *An Economic Evaluation of Snowmobiling in Maine: Stephen Reiling, Department of Resource Economics and Policy University of Maine

3. Target Market The average age of a snowmobile owner? 41 years old with 0.8 kids at home! * Other activities: X-Country Skiing, Ice fishing, Work Related If they own a motorcycle? * International Snowmobile Manufacturers Association Goldwing ABSCBR 1000RR

4. How to Hit the Target? Do the owners want to smell like gasoline at the end of the day? Do they want to converse on the sled? Priorities: –Easy starting –Fuel economy – long riding range A modern bike or car on snow!

5. Secondary Market Current Non-snowmobilers Utility users – US Forest Service How do we appeal to that market? – Maintain or improve performance – Lower emissions – Reduced noise – Enjoy nature

6. Design Objectives and Approach Reduce noise and inefficiencies from a stock Arctic Cat 660cc touring sled –Touring sleds are most used by target markets –4-Stroke engines inherently “cleaner”

7. Design Objectives and Approach OBJECTIVE Reduce Noise Maintain Performance Reduce Emissions APPROACH Custom Cowling System Modeling for Clutching Catalytic Converter and Piggyback on ECU

8. Cowling Design Custom manufacturing based on geometry Limited air vents and acoustical foam reduce noise

9. System Modeling Predict Sled’s Performance Use Engine Data Tell where data comes from

10. Dyno Engine Data Inertia Effects Aerodynamic Effects Rolling Drive Train Effects Dynamic Model Performanc e Steady State Model Fuel Economy Aerodynamic Effects Rolling Drive Train Effects Clutch Tuning System Model Theoretical Engine Model

11. Dynomometer Fully digital diagnostics User friendly interface using LabView Compare with theoretical predictions

12. Clutching Model Isolate inefficiencies Predict performance trade offs –Dynamic –Steady State

13. Clutching Model

14. Reduce Emissions Previously installed catalytic converter Microcontroller piggyback for ECU –Monitors air fuel ratio –Wide band O2 sensor –indirectly control pulse width of fuel injector Piggyback Unit Catalytic Converter

15. Piggyback Schematic

16. Programming Serial Port BS24P Microcontroller Basic Stamp Analog to Digital Converter Digital Potentiometer DC-DC Converter 12V to 5 V Piggyback Circuit

17. Emissions

18. Improved Emissions

20. Emission Summary Low Cost Catalytic Converter: $65.00 Wide band O2 Sensor: $80.00 Other parts: $220.00 Total $365.00 Results With converter and ECU piggyback total reduction in emissions from 90%-95% Compared to stock 660

21. Conclusion Low cost to Manufacturer and Consumer Low emissions for environmentally conscious Reliable and all modifications “fail safe”. Meet the needs of primary and secondary target markets