1. Transition elements Iron

2. Introduction to iron a metal in the first transition series
most common element in the whole planet Earth
forms much of Earth's outer and inner core
exists in a wide range of oxidation states
fresh iron surfaces appear lustrous silvery-gray
but oxidize in normal air to give iron oxides (also known as rust)

3. History
Beads made of meteoric iron in 3500 B.C. or earlier were found in Gerzah, Egypt
Meteoric iron was often used in weapons and tools or whole specimens placed in churches
Iron had a distinct advantage over bronze in warfare implements. It was much harder and more durable than bronze, although susceptible to rust

4. Usage of iron Iron catalysts: the production of ammonia
conversion of carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons for fuels and lubricants
powdered iron in an acidic solvent was used in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline

5. Usage of iron Biological uses:
essential to most life forms and to normal human physiology
an integral part of many proteins and enzymes that maintain good health
necessary for the regulation of cell growth and differentiation
found in animal foods , such as red meats, fish, and poultry; plant foods, such as lentils and beans
metal ion incorporated into the heme complex
Heme is an essential component of cytochrome proteins, which mediate redox reactions,

6. Biological uses: (continue)
an important component of the haemoglobin which plays an essential role in the transport system of the blood flow
the prescribed amount of iron is an absolute necessity to keep the supply of oxygen constant throughout the body
Iron absorption deficiency can lead to anemia , where the red blood cells in the human body tend to shrink and some other growth related conditions

7. Usage of iron Engineering applications:
Its low cost and high strength make it indispensable in the construction of
machinery and machine tools
automobiles
the hulls of large ships
structural components for buildings

8. Usage of iron
Others:
Protection from ionizing radiation

9. Usage of iron Compounds Applications: Iron(III) chloride :
use in water purification and sewage treatment
dyeing of cloth
a coloring agent in paints
an additive in animal feed
Iron(II) sulphate :
used to reduce chromate in cement
treat iron deficiency anemia