1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN FISSION AND FUSION.
DESCRIBE THE NUCLEAR COMPOSITION OF UNSTABLE ISOTOPES AND THE RESULTING CHANGES TO THE THEIR NUCLEAR COMPOSITION.
IDENTIFY TYPES OF NUCLEAR EMISSION, INCLUDING ALPHA PARTICLES, BETA PARTICLES, AND GAMMA RADIATION
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN FISSION AND FUSION.
IDENTIFY USES AND POSSIBLE NEGATIVE SIDE EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY.
COS 11.0, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

2. WHAT YOU’LL LEARN
Identify four types of nuclear radiation and their properties.
Distinguish between fission and fusion, and provide examples of each.
List and explain three beneficial uses and three possible risks of nuclear radiation.
Contrast properties of radioactive and stable nuclei.

3. Nuclear Radiation Chapter 9 Radioactivity:
process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles or energy in form of electromagnetic radiation.
nuclear radiation:
particles that are released from nucleus during radioactive decay.

4. ALPHA PARTICLES consists of two protons and two neutrons
Composed of He nucleus atom w/ +2 charge
Least penetrating type of radiation
Can be stopped by a sheet of paper

5. BETA PARTICLES
negatively charged electron emitted during certain types of radioactive decay
Emitted at high speeds from nucleus

6. GAMMA PARTICLES gamma ray
high-energy photon emitted by a nucleus during fission and radioactive decay
Most penetrating type of radiation
Does not have a charge nor mass

7. NEUTRON EMISSION
consists of matter that is emitted from an unstable nucleus.
Neutrons are able to travel farther through matter than either alpha or beta particles.

8. Nuclear Fission
process by which a nucleus splits into two or more fragments and releases neutrons and energy.
Produces nuclei of lower mass than reactants
Used to produce nuclear power (electricity)
Produces extremely toxic waste

9. Nuclear Fusion
process in which light nuclei combine at extremely high temperature, forming heavier, more stable nuclei and releasing energy.
Produces nuclei of higher mass than reactants
Takes place in sun.
Helium major by product

10. Beneficial Uses of Nuclear Radiation
Smoke detectors
small alpha-emitting isotope detects smoke particles in air.
radioactive tracer:
radioactive material that is added to a substance so that its distribution can be detected later.
understand biochemical processes in plants.
Radiotherapy:
treatment that uses controlled doses of nuclear radiation for treating diseases such as cancer.

11. Possible Risks of Nuclear Radiation
Ionization
change in number of electrons in an atom or molecule, causing the particle to be positively or negatively charged.
Radiation sickness
results from high levels of nuclear radiation.
Dosimeter
device that measures the amount of nuclear radiation exposure.
Studies have shown a relationship between exposure to high levels of nuclear radiation and cancer.

12. Possible Risks of Nuclear Radiation
Radon gas:
colorless and odorless,
produced by the decay of uranium-238
naturally occurs in soil and rock.
Causes lung cancer

13. B. Others Choose one of the following to investigate:
Irradiated Food (p.676)
Radioactive Dating (p.683)
Nuclear Medicine (p )
Make a mini-poster to display what you have learned.