1. Chapter 10 Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase 1©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

2. Pericles Ruled 461-429 B.C.E. High point of Athenian democracy Aristocratic but popular Massive public works Encouraged cultural development 2 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

3. Greek Colonization Population expansion drives colonization  Coastal Mediterranean, Black Sea Sicily (Naples: “Neapolis,” new city) Southern France (Massalia: Marseilles) Anatolia Southern Ukraine 3 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

4. Classical Greece and the Mediterranean Basin, 800-500 B.C.E. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4

5. Effects of Greek Colonization Trade throughout region Communication of ideas  Language, culture Political and social effects 5 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

6. The Delian League Poleis create Delian League to forestall more Persian attacks Led by Athens  Massive payments to Athens fuels Periclean expansion  Resented by other poleis 6 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7. The Peloponnesian War Civil war in Greece, 431-404 B.C.E. Poleis allied with either Athens or Sparta Athens forced to surrender But conflict continued between Sparta and other poleis 7 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

8. Kingdom of Macedon Frontier region to north of Peloponnesus King Philip II (r. 359-336 B.C.E.) builds massive military 350 B.C.E., encroaches on Greek poleis to the south; controls region by 338 B.C.E. 8 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

9. Alexander of Macedon “Alexander the Great,” son of Philip II Rapid expansion throughout Mediterranean basin Invasion of Persia successful Turned back in India when exhausted troops mutinied 9 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

10. Alexander’s Empire, ca. 323 B.C.E. ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10

11. The Hellenistic Empires After Alexander’s death, competition for empire Divided by generals  Antigonus: Greece and Macedon  Ptolemy: Egypt  Seleucus: Persian Achaemenid empire Economic integration, intellectual cross- fertilization ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11

12. The Antigonid Empire Smallest of Hellenistic empires Local dissent Issue of land distribution  Heavy colonizing activity 12 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

13. The Ptolemaic Empire Wealthiest of the Hellenistic empires Established state monopolies  Textiles  Salt  Beer Capital: Alexandria  Important port city  Major museum, library 13 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

14. The Seleucid Empire Massive colonization of Greeks Export of Greek culture, values as far east as India  Bactria  Ashoka legislates in Greek and Aramaic 14 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

15. Trade and Integration of the Mediterranean Basin Greece: little grain, but rich in olives and grapes Colonies further trade Commerce rather than agriculture as basis of much of economy 15 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

16. Panhellenic Festivals Useful for integrating far-flung colonies Olympic Games begin 776 B.C.E. Sense of collective identity 16 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

17. Patriarchal Society Women as goddesses, wives, prostitutes Limited exposure in public sphere Sparta partial exception Sappho Role of infanticide in Greek society and culture 17 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

18. Slavery Scythians (Ukraine) Nubians (Africa) Chattel Sometimes used in business Opportunity to buy freedom 18 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

19. The Greek Language Borrowed Phoenician alphabet Added vowels Complex language 19 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

20. Science and Mathematics Use of observable evidence, rational thought Thales predicts eclipse, 28 May 585 B.C.E. Democritus, atoms Pythagoras, systematic approach to mathematics Hippocrates, human anatomy and physiology 20 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

21. Socrates (470-399 B.C.E.) The Socratic method Student: Plato Public gadfly, condemned on charges of immorality Forced to drink hemlock 21 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

22. Plato (430-347 B.C.E.) Systematized Socratic thought Republic  Philosopher kings  Theory of Forms or Ideas 22 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

23. Aristotle (389-322 B.C.E.) Student of Plato Broke with theory of Forms or Ideas Emphasis on empirical findings, reason Massive impact on western thought 23 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

24. Greek Theology Polytheism Zeus principal god Religious cults  Eleusinian mysteries  The Bacchae  Rituals eventually domesticated 24 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

25. Tragic Drama Evolution from public presentations of cultic rituals Major playwrights (fifth century B.C.E.)  Aeschylus  Sophocles  Euripides Comedy: Aristophanes 25 ©2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.