1. The Fall of Japan The Rising Sun Sets

6. Island-hopping to Victory US victory plan had two parts US victory plan had two parts #1 = Retake some Japanese Islands in the Pacific (leave others) #1 = Retake some Japanese Islands in the Pacific (leave others) #2 = Invade Japan itself #2 = Invade Japan itself Japanese not willing to surrender Japanese not willing to surrender Many Allied leaders thought they would with the fall of Germany Many Allied leaders thought they would with the fall of Germany US victory plan had two parts US victory plan had two parts #1 = Retake some Japanese Islands in the Pacific (leave others) #1 = Retake some Japanese Islands in the Pacific (leave others) #2 = Invade Japan itself #2 = Invade Japan itself Japanese not willing to surrender Japanese not willing to surrender Many Allied leaders thought they would with the fall of Germany Many Allied leaders thought they would with the fall of Germany

7. Different Kind of War Fighting in Pacific different than Europe Fighting in Pacific different than Europe Europe - open fields; towns Europe - open fields; towns Pacific - islands; beach landings Pacific - islands; beach landings Also fighting in jungles Also fighting in jungles Enemy was often hidden Enemy was often hidden Japanese dug tunnels Japanese dug tunnels U.S. - very slow moving U.S. - very slow moving Had to clear every inch of land Had to clear every inch of land Over time = U.S. moved closer to Japan (island-hopping) Over time = U.S. moved closer to Japan (island-hopping) Fighting in Pacific different than Europe Fighting in Pacific different than Europe Europe - open fields; towns Europe - open fields; towns Pacific - islands; beach landings Pacific - islands; beach landings Also fighting in jungles Also fighting in jungles Enemy was often hidden Enemy was often hidden Japanese dug tunnels Japanese dug tunnels U.S. - very slow moving U.S. - very slow moving Had to clear every inch of land Had to clear every inch of land Over time = U.S. moved closer to Japan (island-hopping) Over time = U.S. moved closer to Japan (island-hopping)

8. Battle of Midway Battle for Midway Island was the turning point in the Pacific (1942) Battle for Midway Island was the turning point in the Pacific (1942) Japan planned to trap U.S. Aircraft Carriers, but the U.S. was able to discover their plans by breaking their code. Japan planned to trap U.S. Aircraft Carriers, but the U.S. was able to discover their plans by breaking their code. Japan lost three aircraft carriers (5min) - four total Japan lost three aircraft carriers (5min) - four total From that point on Japan was mostly defensive From that point on Japan was mostly defensive U.S. “island-hopped” closer and closer to mainland Japan U.S. “island-hopped” closer and closer to mainland Japan Battle for Midway Island was the turning point in the Pacific (1942) Battle for Midway Island was the turning point in the Pacific (1942) Japan planned to trap U.S. Aircraft Carriers, but the U.S. was able to discover their plans by breaking their code. Japan planned to trap U.S. Aircraft Carriers, but the U.S. was able to discover their plans by breaking their code. Japan lost three aircraft carriers (5min) - four total Japan lost three aircraft carriers (5min) - four total From that point on Japan was mostly defensive From that point on Japan was mostly defensive U.S. “island-hopped” closer and closer to mainland Japan U.S. “island-hopped” closer and closer to mainland Japan

10. The Last Strong Holds 1945 Iwo Jima Okinawa

11. Iwo Jima (Feb. 1945) U.S. wanted an airbase for bombing raids on Japan U.S. wanted an airbase for bombing raids on Japan 1 st - bombed the island; 2 nd - stormed the beaches (just like D-day) 1 st - bombed the island; 2 nd - stormed the beaches (just like D-day) 25 days - the island surrendered 25 days - the island surrendered U.S. wanted a launching pad to invade Japan U.S. wanted a launching pad to invade Japan Both sides took heavy casualties Both sides took heavy casualties Also a naval battle Also a naval battle Two months later the island surrendered Two months later the island surrendered U.S. wanted an airbase for bombing raids on Japan U.S. wanted an airbase for bombing raids on Japan 1 st - bombed the island; 2 nd - stormed the beaches (just like D-day) 1 st - bombed the island; 2 nd - stormed the beaches (just like D-day) 25 days - the island surrendered 25 days - the island surrendered U.S. wanted a launching pad to invade Japan U.S. wanted a launching pad to invade Japan Both sides took heavy casualties Both sides took heavy casualties Also a naval battle Also a naval battle Two months later the island surrendered Two months later the island surrendered Okinawa (April 1945) Iwo Jima

12. Iwo Jima Flag Raisers Photograph taken on February 23 rd, 1945 by Joe Rosenthal. Depicts 5 marines and a navy corpsman raising the flag atop Mount Suribachi, signifying a U.S. victory. A statue memorial in Washington D.C. was created to immortalize (make permanent) the photograph.

13. Potsdam Declaration Offered the Japanese a treaty if they surrendered, however, the surrender needed to be “unconditional” or face “total destruction.” Offered the Japanese a treaty if they surrendered, however, the surrender needed to be “unconditional” or face “total destruction.” Japanese wanted Hirohito to be able to keep his throne (like a god to them). Japanese wanted Hirohito to be able to keep his throne (like a god to them). The U.S. said “no” The U.S. said “no” Also, to fight an die as a Japanese soldier was the highest honor. Japanese soldiers were trained to fight to the death! Also, to fight an die as a Japanese soldier was the highest honor. Japanese soldiers were trained to fight to the death! Offered the Japanese a treaty if they surrendered, however, the surrender needed to be “unconditional” or face “total destruction.” Offered the Japanese a treaty if they surrendered, however, the surrender needed to be “unconditional” or face “total destruction.” Japanese wanted Hirohito to be able to keep his throne (like a god to them). Japanese wanted Hirohito to be able to keep his throne (like a god to them). The U.S. said “no” The U.S. said “no” Also, to fight an die as a Japanese soldier was the highest honor. Japanese soldiers were trained to fight to the death! Also, to fight an die as a Japanese soldier was the highest honor. Japanese soldiers were trained to fight to the death!

15. The Atomic Bomb 1939 - Albert Einstein writes letters to FDR commenting that an Atomic Bomb was possible. 1939 - Albert Einstein writes letters to FDR commenting that an Atomic Bomb was possible. A bomb, fueled by splitting atoms of uranium or plutonium, which released incredible amounts of energy. A bomb, fueled by splitting atoms of uranium or plutonium, which released incredible amounts of energy. Can be nuclear fission (splitting atoms) or fusion (combining atoms) Can be nuclear fission (splitting atoms) or fusion (combining atoms) Little Boy: between 13-18 Kilotons of TNT Little Boy: between 13-18 Kilotons of TNT Fat Man: between 21 Kilotons of TNT Fat Man: between 21 Kilotons of TNT FDR and Truman put a lot of U.S. money into the development of the bomb (“Manhattan Project”) FDR and Truman put a lot of U.S. money into the development of the bomb (“Manhattan Project”) 1939 - Albert Einstein writes letters to FDR commenting that an Atomic Bomb was possible. 1939 - Albert Einstein writes letters to FDR commenting that an Atomic Bomb was possible. A bomb, fueled by splitting atoms of uranium or plutonium, which released incredible amounts of energy. A bomb, fueled by splitting atoms of uranium or plutonium, which released incredible amounts of energy. Can be nuclear fission (splitting atoms) or fusion (combining atoms) Can be nuclear fission (splitting atoms) or fusion (combining atoms) Little Boy: between 13-18 Kilotons of TNT Little Boy: between 13-18 Kilotons of TNT Fat Man: between 21 Kilotons of TNT Fat Man: between 21 Kilotons of TNT FDR and Truman put a lot of U.S. money into the development of the bomb (“Manhattan Project”) FDR and Truman put a lot of U.S. money into the development of the bomb (“Manhattan Project”) Little Boy Fat Man

16. Little Boy and Fat Man (Aug. 6, 1945) the first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima (bomb #1) (Aug. 6, 1945) the first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima (bomb #1) “Little-Boy” instantly killed 80,000+ and wounded 35,000+. Eventually a total of 130,000 – 150,000 die from the bomb (radiation poisoning). “Little-Boy” instantly killed 80,000+ and wounded 35,000+. Eventually a total of 130,000 – 150,000 die from the bomb (radiation poisoning). Japan did not surrender Japan did not surrender (Aug. 9, 1945) “Fat-Man” was dropped on Nagasaki (bomb #2) (Aug. 9, 1945) “Fat-Man” was dropped on Nagasaki (bomb #2) 40,000+ were killed immediately (60,000- 80,000 in time) 40,000+ were killed immediately (60,000- 80,000 in time) Japan signed the surrender on Sep. 2, 1945 Japan signed the surrender on Sep. 2, 1945 WWII had officially ended (Aug. 6, 1945) the first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima (bomb #1) (Aug. 6, 1945) the first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima (bomb #1) “Little-Boy” instantly killed 80,000+ and wounded 35,000+. Eventually a total of 130,000 – 150,000 die from the bomb (radiation poisoning). “Little-Boy” instantly killed 80,000+ and wounded 35,000+. Eventually a total of 130,000 – 150,000 die from the bomb (radiation poisoning). Japan did not surrender Japan did not surrender (Aug. 9, 1945) “Fat-Man” was dropped on Nagasaki (bomb #2) (Aug. 9, 1945) “Fat-Man” was dropped on Nagasaki (bomb #2) 40,000+ were killed immediately (60,000- 80,000 in time) 40,000+ were killed immediately (60,000- 80,000 in time) Japan signed the surrender on Sep. 2, 1945 Japan signed the surrender on Sep. 2, 1945 WWII had officially ended Little Boy Fat Man

17. Magic Minute Mr. Lutz will ask a question and you get 30 seconds to think about a response. Mr. Lutz will ask a question and you get 30 seconds to think about a response. Start with person Closest to my desk… when you hear the bell, you have 15 seconds to answer the question to the best of your ability. Try to FILL all 15 seconds. Start with person Closest to my desk… when you hear the bell, you have 15 seconds to answer the question to the best of your ability. Try to FILL all 15 seconds. When you hear the bell, the person to your left will get 15 seconds (stop mid-sentence). When you hear the bell, the person to your left will get 15 seconds (stop mid-sentence). You will get 30 minute to reflect on what was said, ask questions, and add to your chart. You will get 30 minute to reflect on what was said, ask questions, and add to your chart. Mr. Lutz will ask a question and you get 30 seconds to think about a response. Mr. Lutz will ask a question and you get 30 seconds to think about a response. Start with person Closest to my desk… when you hear the bell, you have 15 seconds to answer the question to the best of your ability. Try to FILL all 15 seconds. Start with person Closest to my desk… when you hear the bell, you have 15 seconds to answer the question to the best of your ability. Try to FILL all 15 seconds. When you hear the bell, the person to your left will get 15 seconds (stop mid-sentence). When you hear the bell, the person to your left will get 15 seconds (stop mid-sentence). You will get 30 minute to reflect on what was said, ask questions, and add to your chart. You will get 30 minute to reflect on what was said, ask questions, and add to your chart.

18. The Great Atomic Debate How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified?

19. The Great Atomic Debate How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan?

20. The Great Atomic Debate How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? How does the dropping of the A-bombs on Japan impact future global conflicts? How does the dropping of the A-bombs on Japan impact future global conflicts? How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? How does the dropping of the A-bombs on Japan impact future global conflicts? How does the dropping of the A-bombs on Japan impact future global conflicts?

21. The Great Atomic Debate How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? How does the dropping of the A-bombs on Japan impact future global conflicts? How does the dropping of the A-bombs on Japan impact future global conflicts? Closer: Fact - The U.S. is the only country to have used nuclear weapons on another country and they are currently a leader in trying to prevent the use of nuclear weapons world wide. Discuss Closer: Fact - The U.S. is the only country to have used nuclear weapons on another country and they are currently a leader in trying to prevent the use of nuclear weapons world wide. Discuss How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? How can the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan be justified? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? Why might some disagree with the U.S.’s use of atomic weapons on Japan? How does the dropping of the A-bombs on Japan impact future global conflicts? How does the dropping of the A-bombs on Japan impact future global conflicts? Closer: Fact - The U.S. is the only country to have used nuclear weapons on another country and they are currently a leader in trying to prevent the use of nuclear weapons world wide. Discuss Closer: Fact - The U.S. is the only country to have used nuclear weapons on another country and they are currently a leader in trying to prevent the use of nuclear weapons world wide. Discuss

22. The Great Atomic Debate Bomb would be devastating to the cities it hit Bomb would be devastating to the cities it hit Bomb would kill thousands of Japanese civilians too Bomb would kill thousands of Japanese civilians too Aftermath of the bomb = radiation poisoning Aftermath of the bomb = radiation poisoning “Opens the book” on Atomic Weapons and their use “Opens the book” on Atomic Weapons and their use Are atomic weapons unethical? Are atomic weapons unethical? Bomb would be devastating to the cities it hit Bomb would be devastating to the cities it hit Bomb would kill thousands of Japanese civilians too Bomb would kill thousands of Japanese civilians too Aftermath of the bomb = radiation poisoning Aftermath of the bomb = radiation poisoning “Opens the book” on Atomic Weapons and their use “Opens the book” on Atomic Weapons and their use Are atomic weapons unethical? Are atomic weapons unethical? Invading Japan would cost thousands/millions of American lives… Also millions of Japanese Bomb would spare US troops; no loss of American life Land invasion may take years; bomb could end the war immediately Japan wouldn’t be able to defend itself against it Would show world American military strength Truman put a lot of money into the bomb, and might have felt a need to use it. All that was left was the Japanese Island itself Should the U.S. attack with a land invasion? Or use a new top secret weapon under construction – atomic bomb Don’t Use the BombUse the Bomb