1. 미래인터넷의 이동 네트워크 구조 연구 동향 한국기술교육대학교 한연희 (Youn-Hee Han) http://link.kut.ac.kr 2010.06.29

2. Contents Why FI Mobility Architecture? Design Principles of FI Mobility Architecture ID/Locator Separation FI Mobility Architecture Examples AKARI MOFI Flow Mobility Summary 2/27

3. Why FI Mobility Architecture? 3/27

4. Why FI Mobility Architecture? 4/27 Problems of Internet in Mobile Environments 1) Mobility was not a design criterion of Internet  So many candidate technologies: Mobile IP/Proxy MIP, mSCTP, mSIP,…  No Complete Mobility Transparency 2) Mobility control in the form of patch-on 3) Integration of data and control paths 4) Stick to Host-based protocols Source: http://www.trilogy-project.org

5. Why FI Mobility Architecture? Problems of Internet in Mobile Environments 5) Does not well support the heterogeneous networks 6) Does not support the sensor devices (and group of them) mobility 7) No Scalability & No Efficient Routing 8) Overloading characteristic of IP address Approach to Solve the Problems Clean-slate approach would be REQURIED  Not the future (evolution) of the current Internet  But the network of the future Revolution/Innovation  The backward compatibility may or may not be required 5/27

6. Design Principles of FI Mobility Architecture 6/27 Design Principles Mobile-oriented and Static-allowed ID-based Communication with LOC-based Routing  Separation of Identifier and Locator  Address-free User Host  Location Privacy Separation of Access Network and Backbone Network  Network-based Mobility Control  Intrinsic Route Optimization for Data Delivery  Separation of Mobility Control from Data Transport Accommodation of New Services (or Networks)  Delay Tolerant Networks (Opportunistic Networks)

7. Current Proposals for FI Mobility Architecture 7/27 ID-LOC Separation HIP (Host Identity Protocol): IETF  Host-based solution LISP (Locator-Identifier Separation Protocol): IETF  Network-based solution ILNP (Identifier/Locator Network Protocol)  Host-based solution Mobility Architecture based on ID-LOC Separation AKARI: a Project in Japan  Host&Network-based solution MOFI (Mobile-Oriented Future Internet): a Project in Korea  Network-based solution

8. ID/Locator Separation 8/27 Why ID/Locator Separation? Today IP addresses used for  Identifying purposes (“who”; in TCP connections)  Locating purposes (“where”; lookup routes) Intentionally designed such a overloading  To avoid a system that maps between them But, Internet has been quite complex because of the overloading feature  Complexity in Mobility Support  Complexity in (Host and Site) Multihoming Support

9. ID/Locator Separation 9/27 Name, ID, and Locator Name Identifier Locators - Human-readable (e.g., alphanumeric) - To uniquely identify a corresponding (communicating) object in the network : an object may be human, device, data, service, etc. - Cannot be memorized by humans (may be “bitstring”) - End object should be identified by ID in a secure manner - Used as control information and packet headers - Represent the location of an object in the network. - Contain the information about topological info. of an object - For efficient support of mobility and multihoming : Multiple locators per object Mapping

10. ID/Locator Separation 10/27 Possible Approach to Separation New shim-layer on hosts map between IDs and locators Use of locator is transparent to (most) applications and transport Need a new protocol to setup mapping on hosts Application Transport ID  Locator Mapping Shim Network Name Identifier Locator

11. AKARI – a FI Mobile Architecture AKARI Project (2006 ~ Current) “A small light in the dark pointing to the future”  "AKARI" means "a small light" in Japanese. Goal is to build technologies for new generation network by 2015, developing a network architecture and creating a network design based on that architecture.. NWGN (New Generation Network)  Network architectures and service conditions are different from IP networks, and it may be a new paradigm. 11/27

12. AKARI – a FI Mobile Architecture HNIS (HostName and Identifier System) Hostname  Examples Identifier  Self-allocating ID  fixed-length bit strings Host ID & Locators mapping  The host ID is dynamically mapped to different locators Global Locator (GLOC), Local Locator (LLOC)  For mobility Host ID is mapped to two different locators at different instances.  For multihoming Host ID is simultaneously mapped to two or more locators. 12/27 my-pc-20090915#mydomain.com sensor-temp-room-5-202#my-domain.com

13. AKARI – a FI Mobile Architecture Identity Sublayer in Protocol Stack Transport and upper layers  Host ID are used for host or session identification Network layer  locators are used for finding host location and forwarding packets 13/27 Physical Data link Network Identity Physical Data link Network Host Gateway Host Link Use Locator Use Host ID Transport Application Identity Map Host ID to Locator Physical Data link Network Identity Transport Application

14. AKARI – a FI Mobile Architecture Architecture Components 1) Edge networks 2) Global transit network 3) Unified logical control network  HNRs Hostname Registry  DNRs Domain Name Registry  IDRs ID Registry 4) Gateways  Two main tasks 1) translating network layer protocols or locators, 2) updating the ID/locator mapping records of IDRs 14/27 GW Local network L3 protocol/locator {LLOC} {GLOC} Global network L3 protocol/locator

15. AKARI – a FI Mobile Architecture Data packet delivery 15/27 GW Host1{ID,LLOC} Host2{ID,LLOC} GW Host1 Host2{ID,LLOC} Host1{ID,LLOC} Host2 host1#domain1.com host2#domain2.com Use GLOC to route packets ID Registry (IDR) Host2{ID,GLOC,LLOC}; Host1{ID,GLOC} Host1{ID,GLOC,LLOC}; Host2{ID,GLOC} Global transit network Edge Network 1 Edge Network 2 LLOC  GLOC Host1{ID,LLOC, GLOC} Host2{ID,GLOC, GW{ID,GLOC}} Host2{ID,LLOC, GLOC} Host1{ID,GLOC, GW{ID,GLOC}}

16. AKARI – a FI Mobile Architecture Procedures of Mobility Management 16/27 Correspondent Host GW_CN GW_FN Mobile Host (3) New LOC configuration (2) MH{ID,LOC} CH{ID,LOC} IDR Logical Control Network IDR_HNIDR_CN IDR_FN (1) (4) ID/LOC update Global Transit Network Foreign Network Correspondent Network Home Network GW_HN HNR_HN HNR_CH (5) (6)(7) (8)

17. A FI Mobility Architecture in Korea MOFI (Mobile-Oriented Future Internet) 미래인터넷에서의 이동환경 및 네트워크 다양성 지원구조 연구 ( 산업원천기술개발사업, 2010~) 주관 및 참여 기관  ETRI, 경북대, 충남대, 한국기술교대, 산업기술대, 서울대, 경희대, 충북대 http://www.mofi.re.kr/ 17/27

18. MOFI – a FI Mobile Architecture Name, ID, and Locator Separation Name (e.g., NAI (Network Access Identifier)) End Host ID (EID)  128-bit fixed length Locator (LOC) 18/27

19. MOFI – a FI Mobile Architecture MOFI Protocols FIP (Future Internet Protocol): for end-to-end HID- based communication ADP (Access Delivery Protocol): for data transport in the access network Current IP: for data transport in the backbone network HBP (HID Binding Protocol): for binding of HID and Link address to AR LMP (LOC Management Protocol): for LOC binding/query and handover 19/27

20. MOFI – a FI Mobile Architecture MOFI – Reference Model 20/27

21. MOFI – a FI Mobile Architecture MOFI: Protocol Stack (Data Plane) MOFI: Protocol Stack (Control Plane) 21/27

22. IETF Standards on Mobility Management 22/27 Horizontal Handover Vertical Handover Multiple Interface Management Multiple Flow Management A handover is initiated when mobile device exits the boundaries of an administrative domain. Single interface is used. A mobile device does need to move in order to initiate a handover. Multiple interfaces are required, but use one interface at a time. Simultaneous use of multiple interfaces and access networks. Association of an application with an interface Ability to split individual flows between links with respect to the requirements of the flows and the user preferences Complexity Level Host-based IP Mobility Network-based IP Mobility Mobility Support in IPv6 [RFC 3775, June 2004] Mobile IPv6 Support for Dual Stack Hosts and Routers [RFC 5555, June 2009] Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 [RFC 4068, July 2005] Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration [RFC 5648, Oct. 2009] Flow Bindings in Mobile IPv6 and NEMO Basic Support [draft-ietf-mext-flow-binding-14] Traffic Selectors for Flow Binding [draft-ietf-mext-binary-ts-04] Proxy Mobile IPv6 [RFC 5213, Aug. 2008] IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6 [RFC 5844, May 2010] Fast Handovers for Proxy Mobile IPv6 [draft-ietf-mipshop-pfmipv6-14] Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration & Flow Bindings in Proxy Mobile IPv6 [draft-krishnan-netext-intertech-ps-02] [draft-hui-netext-multihoming-00] [draft-melia-netext-muho-solution-00] [draft-xia-netext-flow-binding-00] [draft-hui-netext-service-flow-identifier-01] [draft-koodli-netext-flow-handover-00] Next Research Items [IETF 표준화 중심 ( 관련 WG: MEXT, MIPSHOP, NETEXT) - 2010 년 6 월 현재 ]

23. Multihoming Scenario 23/27

24. Flow Mobility Scenario Scenario 1: Move some of flows to a new interface  If another access is enabled on the MN, some of the existing flows could be moved over, to achieve, e.g., load balancing and better user experience Flow Mobility Scenario Router HA Router HA Router MN 3G 새로운 인터페이스로 세션을 이동  Vertical 핸드오버 VoIP 세션만 옮겨아지 ! MN 3GWiBro VoIP flow Mobile IPTV flow WiBro3GWiBro3G WiBro Mobile IPTV flow VoIP flow Binding Update with Binding ID & Flow ID 24/27

25. Flow Mobility Scenario Scenario 2: Setting up Mobility Sessions on Demand  Create additional mobility sessions on demand e.g., additional connection for a particular service  A new mobility session with a new prefix is created Flow Mobility Scenario WiBro Router LMA Router 3G MN 3GWiBro Router LMA Router MN 3GWiBro 3G 다른 인터페이스의 스위치를 올려서 단순하게 접속만 시도 세션이동은 하지 말아야지 … HTTP 세션은 3G 인터페이스로 열어야지 … Mobile IPTV flow VoIP flow Mobile IPTV flow VoIP flow HTTP flow Binding Update with Binding ID (No Flow ID) Binding Update with Binding ID Flow ID & Traffic Selector 25/27

26. Summary Key Technologies for FI Mobility Architecture ID-LOC Separation Binding Management Handover Management Scalability Issue Flow Mobility Management  Per-flow binding  Scalability Issue Further Works FI Mobility Architecture should incorporate “Delay- Tolerant Networks” Host Intelligence vs. Network Intelligence 26/27

27. References V. P. Kafle, H. Otsuki, and M. Inoue, “An ID/locator split architecture for future networks,” IEEE Communication Magazine, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 148-144, 2010. AKARI http://akari-project.nict.go.jp/ MOFI (Mobile-Oriented Future Internet) http://protocol.knu.ac.kr/MOFI/ Flow Bindings in Mobile IPv6 and NEMO Basic Support draft-ietf-mext-flow-binding-14 “ 미래인터넷을 위한 Addressing 및 Routing 아키텍쳐 연구 동향 ” 정보과학회지, 2010 년 1 월 (28 권 1 호 ) 27/27