1. © Jasper White/Stone/Getty Images 1 Lamb, Hair, McDaniel Chapter 11 Developing and Managing Products 2014-2015 © Cengage Learning 2015. All Rights Reserved.

2. Explain the importance of developing new products and describe the six categories of new products Explain the steps in the new-product development process Understand why some products succeed and others fail Discuss global issues in new-product development Explain the diffusion process through which new products are adopted Explain the concept of product life cycles © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved.

3. 3 Categories of New Products New-to-the-World New Product Lines Product Line Additions Improvements or Revisions Repositioned Products Lower-Priced Products 1

4. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4 New Product Success Factors Long-term commitment Company-specific approach Capitalize on experience Establish an environment 2

5. Exhibit 11.1 New-Product Development Process © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5 2

6. 6 Idea generation Idea screening Business analysis Development Test marketing Commercialization Number of new product ideas Time 0 New-Product Development Process

7. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved.7 Idea Generation Customers Employees Distributors Competitors R&D Consultants Other Experts Sources of New-Product Ideas 2

8. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8 Approaches for New Product Development Brainstorming Focus Group The process of getting a group to think of unlimited ways to vary a product or solve a problem. The objective of focus group interviews is to stimulate insightful comments through group interaction. 2

9. 9 The first filter in the product development process, which eliminates ideas that are inconsistent with the organization’s new- product strategy or are inappropriate for some other reason. A test to evaluate a new-product idea, usually before any prototype has been created. Often successful for line extensions. Screening A Concept Test 2

10. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved.10 Business Analysis Considerations in Business Analysis Stage Demand Cost Sales Profitability 2

11. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11 Development  Create of a prototype  Sketch a marketing strategy  Decide on packaging, branding, and labeling  Map out promotion, price, and distribution strategy  Examine manufacturing feasibility 2

12. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12 Simultaneous Product Development A team-oriented approach to new- product development where all relevant functional areas and outside suppliers participate in the development process. 2

13. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13 Test Marketing The limited introduction of a product and a marketing program to determine the reactions of potential customers in a market situation. 2

14. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14 Costs of Test Marketing Often takes one year or more Can cost over $1 million Exposes new product to competitors Competitors can “jam” testing programs with their own promotions Alternatively, we can get data from… Single-source research using scanner data Simulated (laboratory) market testing Online test marketing 2

15. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15 Commercialization Production Inventory Buildup Distribution Shipments Sales Force Training Trade Announcements Customer Advertising Ordering Materials 2

16. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16 Product Failure Why products fail? Despite the amount of time and money spent on developing and testing new products, a large proportion of new product introductions fail. The most important factor in successful new-product introduction is a good match between the product and market needs. 3

17. New-Product Success Factors Listening to customers Producing the best product Vision of future market Strong leadership Commitment to new- product development Project-based team approach Getting every aspect right © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17 3

18. Global Marketing Questions Increasing globalization of markets and of competition provides a reason for multinational firms to consider new-product development from a worldwide perspective. Succeeding in some countries (such as China) often requires companies to develop products that meet the unique needs of these populations. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18 4

19. The process by which the adoption of an innovation spreads. Diffusion © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19 5

20. Laggards Late Majority Early Majority Early Adopters Innovators Categories of Adopters © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 20 5

21. Trialability Observability Relative Advantage Compatibility Complexity Product Characteristics and the Rate of Adoption © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 21 5

22. Direct from Marketer Word of Mouth Communication Aids the Diffusion Process Marketing Implications of the Adoption Process © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 22 5

23. A concept that provides a way to trace the stages of a product’s acceptance, from its introduction (birth) to its decline (death). Product Life Cycle © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23 6

24. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 24 Exhibit 11.2 Four Stages of the Product Life Cycle

25. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved.25 Exhibit 11.3 Product Life Cycles for Styles, Fashion, and Fads 6

26. Understanding Product Life Cycle IntroductionGrowthMaturityDecline MarketFewSlow, increasingHigh, slowing down Declining ProductionSmall scale, still customized Increasing, being standardized Standardized CompetitionZero to lowIncreasingHigh Sales/ProfitNegative to lowPositive, increasingPositive, getting tough Declining

27. Introductory Stage © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 27 High failure rates Little competition Frequent product modification Limited distribution High marketing and production costs Negative profits with slow sales increases Promotion focuses on awareness and information Communication challenge is to stimulate primary demand 6

28. Growth Stage © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 28 Increasing rate of sales Entrance of competitors Market consolidation Initial healthy profits Aggressive advertising of the differences between brands Wider distribution 6

29. Maturity Stage © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 29 Sales increase at a decreasing rate Saturated markets Annual models appear Lengthened product lines Service and repair assume important roles Heavy promotions to consumers and dealers Marginal competitors drop out Niche marketers emerge 6

30. Decline Stage © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 30 Long-run drop in sales Large inventories of unsold items Elimination of all nonessential marketing expenses “Organized abandonment” 6

31. © 2015 by Cengage Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved. 31 Exhibit 11.4 Relationships between the Diffusion Process and the Product Life Cycle Product life cycle curve Diffusion curve

32. Ch 11 Discussion Questions 1.What is a new product? Explain the steps in the new-product development process. 2.Describe the five categories of adopters and their implications in marketing. 3.Explain how different product characteristics affect the adoption/diffusion of a new product. 4.What is product life cycle? Explain the marketing mix strategies at different stages of the PLC. I may ask you to explain a particular stage in PLC.