1. RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY AND BELIEFS Church Hierarchy, Protestant Revival, Catholic Piety, and Marginal Beliefs and Practices

2. Church Hierarchy Church still important to communities Catholic monarchs took greater leadership Different because Protestant princes assumed direct control. In Spain, Papal proclamations were not read without approval of the Crown.

3. Jesuits Highly educated, missionaries and teachers. Agents of the papacy. Typically held high roles in the government. Gained many enemies because of their influence. Louis XV kicked them out of France, returned after Revolution.

4. Protestant Revival Protestant reforms complete by 1700 Growth of state causes complacency, leads to Revival Began in late 1600’s Germany, spreads to Scandinavia and the Baltic.

5. Pietism Warm and emotional religion Focus on enthusiasm in prayer, worship, and life Aspired to the return of Universal Priesthood Made the Bible accessible to all Boosts literacy and religious development

6. Methodists A traveling Englishman witnesses the Revival, takes it back to England Unique Anglican Revival creates the Methodist denomination John Wesley was the driving force behind this Desire to halt corruption and Deism, bring religion and life closer Wesley popularizes it by delivering 40,000 sermons across 40 years.

7. Catholic Piety Different because of baroque art, iconoclasm Catholicism was still popular because of the Church’s active role Festivities were crucial to Catholic success. Festivities were part of folklore and tradition, a day of recreation. Protestants had abolished many of these celebrations.

8. Jansenism Started with Cornelius Jansen, the Bishop of Ypres. Focused on original sin, and predestination. Accepted by French nobility, despite being outlawed by the Pope. Encouraged opposition to the French monarch. The urban poor created their own type of Jansenism. Jansen wanted to go back St. Augustine’s Christianity.

9. Marginal Beliefs and Practices Drenched in superstition Included things like burying a live bull to prevent hoof-and-mouth disease. French priests were key figures in denouncing these beliefs. Vigorously assaulted pagan remnants of these practices. Caused tension between the elites and commoners, who viewed it as an attack on their lifestyle. Witch trials were disposed of because of this, last witch died in England in 1682.