1. Basic Methods for Water Treatment
III. Water Treatment Topic III.1. Methods, Processes, Technologies and Units for Water Treatment
They depend on the coarse water quality and the water use requirements.
Basic Methods for Water Treatment
Clarification
For turbidity removal
Decolourization
For colour removal
Organoleptic improvement
For taste and smelt removal

2. Basic Methods for Water Treatment
Water chemical content regulation
For dissolved substances regulation
(CO2, Fe+2, Mn-, HCO3-, Mg-, Cl-, F-, O2)
Disinfection
For bacteria removal
Desalination
For potable water production from sea water

3. Basic Processes for Water Treatment
Precipitation
For coarse suspended solids removal
Clarification
For fine suspended solids removal
Filtration
For fine suspended and colloidal particles removal
Ultra-filtration/Inverted osmosis
For sea water desalination
For molecular screening
Coagulation/Contact coagulation/Flocculation
For colloidal impurities removal
For send filtration enhancement

4. Basic Processes for Water Treatment
Chlorination
For disinfection
For decolourization
For organics removal
For ammonia removal
Chemical treatment
For fine and colloidal particles removal
For dissolved substances regulation
Ion exchange
For ion substances removal
Aeration
For dissolved oxygen supply and regulation
Cooling
For water temperature regulation

5. Basic Water Treatment Technologies
Classification
I. According to the degree of purification
For deep purification
For partial purification
II. According to chemicals usage
With reagent treatment
Without reagent treatment
III. According to technological stages
One stage technological flowsheet (scheme)
Two stages technological flowsheet (scheme)

6. Water Treatment Units Kinds I. For clarification
Settlers (Settling tanks)
Separators
Clarifiers
II. For screening
Racks
Macro-mash screens
Micro-mash screens
III. For filtration
High rate send filters
Low rate send filters
Carbon filters
Multi-layers filter

7. Water Treatment Units Kinds IV. For reagent treatment
Reservoirs (premises, vessels) for reagents keeping
Reservoirs (vessels) for reagents solution preparing
Equipment for reagents dosing
Mixing chambers for reagents and water
Reactors
Flocculation chambers
Upflow sludge blanket clarifiers
Contact (send) clarifiers
High rate send filters

8. Water Treatment Units V. For disinfecting a) With chlorine
Chlorine keeping vessels
Chlorine dosing devices
Chlorine regulation devices
b) With ozone
Ozone generators
Ozone dozing equipment
c) With ultraviolet rays
Ultraviolet lamps
Disinfecting reactors

9. Water Treatment Units VI. For water cooling Cooling towers
Cooling basins
VII. For sea water desalination
Ultra-filtering/Inverted osmosis membranes
Ultra-filtering/Inverted osmosis units

10. Basic Water Treatment Technological Schemes
One Stage Technological Scheme without Reagent Treatment
1 - inlet distributing chamber; 2 - flow meter; 3 - preliminary (coarse send) filter; 4 - low rate send filter; reservoir for purified water; 6 - chlorination station

11. Basic Water Treatment Technological Schemes
Two Stages Technological Scheme: Reagent Treatment
with Settlers
1 - inlet distributing chamber; 2 - flow meter; 3 - reactor (for taste and smelt removal);
4 - chorizontal mixing chamber; 5 - reacting chamber (for flocculation); 6 - horizontal settler;
7 - high rate send filter; 8 - reservoir for purified water; 9 - vessels for preparing of carbon powder mixture; 10 - vessels for reagents; 11 - chlorination station

12. Basic Water Treatment Technological Schemes
Two Stages Technological Scheme: Reagent Treatment
with Upflow Sludge Blanket Clarifiers
1 - fine mesh-screens; 2 - inlet distribution chamber; 3 - flow meter; 4 - vertical mixing chamber; 5 - upflow sludge blanket clarifier; 6 - high rate send filter; 7 - reservoir for purified water; 8 - vessels for lime solution; 9 - vessels for coagulant solution; 10 - vessels for flocculant solution; 11 - chlorination station

13. Basic Water Treatment Technological Schemes
Two Stages Technological Scheme: Reagent Treatment
with Contact (Send) Clarifiers
1 - inflow distribution chamber; 2 - flow meter; 3 - fine-mesh screens; 4 - mechanical-mixing chamber; 5 - contact (send) clarifier; 6 - reservoir for purified water; 7 - vessels for coagulant solution; 8 - vessels for fluorine; 9 - chlorination station