1. Unit 4 Review Terms and Applications

2. Terminology Teleology—the study of evidences of design in nature or the belief that everything has a purpose Objective Correlative—an object, situation, or event that instantly evokes a particular emotion Kant’s Categorical Imperative—“act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that it should become a universal law”—make moral decisions only on rules that you would like to see universally accepted. Weltschmerz—world-weariness, depression/apathy caused by comparing actual world to ideal

3. Terminology Soliloquy—a long speech given alone on stage by a character reflecting his/her innermost thoughts Aside—a brief comment by a character meant not to be heard generally, but only by the audience or one other character on stage Misogyny—hatred of women Existentialism—a set of philosophical beliefs postulating that “existence precedes essence”— no one is “born” anything—and we are what we do and should only be judged on that basis

4. Terminology Secular—nonreligious in general Medievalism—reliance on superstition, myth, tradition, and dogma to interpret the world Renaissance Humanism—a belief in the achievements, potential, and perfectibility of humans—no original sin Psychological Criticism (Freudian)—analyzing literature through psychological analysis of the author, characters, or readers Textual Criticism—focusing only on the text, not on biography, historical context, etc., to understand a piece of literature

5. I am “preaching” that you should do this Try to figure out which of the terms above best represent the following: Especially for some veterans, the flag perhaps There is no original sin Why bother voting? The world is a corrupt place That Hamlet must be crazy—why is he always talking to himself? Because that’s the way it’s always been done! I am what I do

6. Practice  Render unto Caesar what is Caesar’s  Ethan Frome suffered from separation anxiety  Muttering under your breath to a friend during class  Better stay home on Friday the 13 th  If you think you should be able to drink and drive, you should believe everyone can  Ray Kinsella’s hallucinations are a result of the loss of his father  Public schools as opposed to religious schools

7. Practice  “What a piece of work is a man”  Hamlet suffered from this from the start  A cute puppy makes people smile  Romeo’s speech before drinking the poison  The Progressive Era belief that society could be perfected represented this  Nobody has “potential”—they are what they do  Hamlet’s judgment of himself as a coward  Ignoring Shakespeare’s biography to interpret the play

8. Practice  Patriots tear up when they hear “The Star- Spangled Banner”  There is a purpose to everything beyond what we can understand  By accepting the legitimacy of Hamlet’s desire for revenge for his father’s murder, you must accept that of Laertes as well  Hamlet’s Denmark had a belief in ghosts  Hamlet’s search to know whether what the Ghost said as true or not

9. Practice I found a dimpled spider, fat and white, On a white heal-all, holding up a moth Like a white piece of rigid satin cloth— Assorted characters of death and blight Mixed ready to begin the morning right, Like the ingredients of a witches' broth— A snow-drop spider, a flower like a froth, And dead wings carried like a paper kite. What had that flower to do with being white, The wayside blue and innocent heal-all? What brought the kindred spider to that height, Then steered the white moth thither in the night? What but design of darkness to appall?— IfIf design govern in a thing so small. “Design” by Robert Frost Which term that we studied this semester does this poem represent?