1. Prepared for: Prepared by: A Tutorial for Identifying a Project-Specific Dredged Material Placement Site October 2012 Bill Goodfellow Kaitlin McCormick Peggy Derrick

2. General Placement Options Open water placement (unconfined) Open water placement (unconfined) Confined disposal Confined disposal  Upland  Fast land creation Beneficial use Beneficial use  Wetland creation  Beach nourishment  Island/shoreline restoration Innovative reuse Innovative reuse  Mine reclamation  Aggregate/bricks Landfill placement Landfill placement 2

3. Placement Considerations Volume Volume Physical characteristics (grain size) Physical characteristics (grain size) Sediment quality Sediment quality Authorizations Authorizations Cost Cost Timing Timing Distance Distance Dredging and placement methods Dredging and placement methods 3

4. Volume Existing capacity or new site Existing capacity or new site  Existing placement capacity in the region  Duration of availability of existing sites with capacity Large volume projects Large volume projects  May overwhelm capacity at existing site  May have more volume than can be reasonably placed Beneficial use Beneficial use Innovative reuse Innovative reuse  Use of multiple sites = extra handling Small volume projects Small volume projects  High costs per unit for new sites  May not have sufficient volume for a beneficial use or innovative reuse project 4

5. Physical Parameters Driver for beneficial use and innovative reuse projects Driver for beneficial use and innovative reuse projects Specific grain-size often required Specific grain-size often required  Beach nourishment = sand  Wetland creation = minimum amount of coarse grained material Some characteristics driven by site goals Some characteristics driven by site goals  e.g., cannot use stiff clays for marsh restoration 5

6. Sediment Quality Concentrations of chemical constituents Concentrations of chemical constituents Material with high levels of contaminants may require: Material with high levels of contaminants may require:  Confined disposal  Specific classes of landfill or hazardous waste sites  Treatment or stabilization Screening criteria Screening criteria  Open water testing requirements  Beneficial use screening  Site-specific testing for existing placement sites  TCLP testing for landfills Salinity Salinity  Estuarine/marine sediments precluded from some options 6

7. Authorizations/Ownership Limitations based on existing authorizations Limitations based on existing authorizations  Congressional authorizations - federal placement sites  Permits for existing facilities Authorizations required for new facilities Authorizations required for new facilities  Federal approvals Clean Water Act/Rivers and Harbors Act Clean Water Act/Rivers and Harbors Act Endangered Species Act Endangered Species Act Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act National Historic Preservation Act National Historic Preservation Act  State approvals Clean Water Act – Section 401 Clean Water Act – Section 401 Wetland Permits Wetland Permits Discharge Permits Discharge Permits Site ownership Site ownership 7

8. Relative Cost Tipping or placement fees Tipping or placement fees Handling costs Handling costs  Loading  Unloading  Dewatering Transportation costs Transportation costs  Distance  Mode of transport Offloading costs Offloading costs  Wet material  Dry material Monitoring requirements Monitoring requirements 8

9. Open Water Placement Sediment quality Sediment quality  Inland or Ocean Testing Manual  Potential interaction between material and aquatic life  Section 103 Marine Protection Resource and Sanctuaries Act Authorizations Authorizations  Existing facilities / placement areas / ODMDS  State/local restrictions  Beneficial use Handling Handling  No dewatering costs  Does not required double handling Costs Costs  No tipping or placement fees  Transportation/offloading costs only  Monitoring of placement  Extensive testing required Other Other  Public perception 9

10. Confined Disposal Sediment Quality Sediment Quality  Upland Testing Manual  Testing can vary by location Authorizations Authorizations  May be restrictions based on type of material placed Characteristics of material Characteristics of material Source of material Source of material  Existing - generally no permits or approvals required  New – long lead time to design and permit Handling Handling  Dewatering generally managed at site  Generally no double handling Costs Costs  Tipping/placement fees required  Transportation/offloading costs Other Other  No environmental benefits  Can accept a wide range of material 10

11. Beneficial Use Sediment Quality Sediment Quality  Cannot use contaminated material  Physical characteristics are key Authorizations Authorizations  Existing projects – already permitted and authorized Permit modifications Permit modifications Some sites may restrict geographic sources (e.g. Corps restoration sites) Some sites may restrict geographic sources (e.g. Corps restoration sites)  New projects – need permits/approvals Handling Handling  Varies by site – direct placement or multiple handling  Dewatering may be required Costs Costs  Placement fee for existing sites  High costs for new projects – design/permitting/monitoring Other Other  Environmental benefits  Positive public image  Opportunities for partnering with local and national groups 11

12. Innovative Reuse Sediment Quality Sediment Quality  Would require testing/characterization of material  Potential for pilot testing  Varies by proposed use Authorizations Authorizations  Unclear regulatory environment for some uses Handling Handling  Dewatering generally required  Extra handling  Treatment  Cost  New infrastructure required  Processing costs Other Other  Infrastructure availability  Some not feasible for a single project  Pilot vs. large-scale processing 12 Source: MPA

13. Landfill Sediment Quality Sediment Quality  Hazardous vs. non-hazardous (TCLP)  Paint filter test Authorizations Authorizations  Some facilities will not accept dredged material Handling Handling  Multiple handling – barge, dewatering, truck, placement  Potentially time consuming Cost Cost  High – placement fee per truckload or ton Other Other  Capacity restrictions  Traffic concerns, need for sealed bed trucks, air emissions 13

14. Evaluation Develop a laundry list of all potential sites in an area without regard to project criteria Develop a laundry list of all potential sites in an area without regard to project criteria Networking – ask regulators, industry, placement site operators for suggestions Networking – ask regulators, industry, placement site operators for suggestions Screen full list of sites against criteria Screen full list of sites against criteria Rank viable placement sites Rank viable placement sites Develop a short-list of placement sites for detailed evaluation Develop a short-list of placement sites for detailed evaluation Select a preferred option Select a preferred option 14

15. Questions? – Thank You Kaitlin McCormick and Peggy Derrick 225 Schilling Circle, Suite 400 Hunt Valley, Maryland 21031 410-584-7000 kmccormick@eaest.com pderrick@eaest.com www.eaest.com 15 Scan this code to connect with EA Source: Mary Frazier