1. HydroView WATERS Network and related NSF observatory initiatives: Transformative facilities for environmental research, education, and outreach Nicholas L. Clesceri, Ph.D., P.E., F. ASCE Senior Technical Advisor and Agency Liaison WATERS Network Project Office Presented at Shenandoah River Natural Systems Symposium Shenandoah University Winchester, VA 22601 October 16, 2007

2. Environmental Observatories: a new approach for integrated, field-oriented collaborative research at regional to continental scales Rely on advances in: sensors and sensor networks at intensively instrumented sites shared by the research community cyberinfrastructure with high bandwidth to connect the sites, data repositories, and researchers into collaboratories distributed modeling platforms

3. CLEANER (ENG) + Hydrologic Observatories (GEO) = WATERS Network

4. Four critical deficiencies in current abilities: 1. Basic data about water-related processes at the needed spatial and temporal resolution. 2. The means to integrate data from different media and sources (observations, experiments, simulations). 3. Sufficiently accurate modeling and decision-support tools to predict underlying processes and forecast effects of different engineering management strategies. 4. The understanding of fundamental processes needed to transfer knowledge and predictions across spatial and temporal scales—from the scale of measurements to the scale of a desired management action. Courtesy of Tom Harmon

5. The Idea The WATERS Network will: 1. Consist of: (a) a national network of interacting field sites; across a range of spatial scales, climate and land-use/cover conditions (b) teams of investigators studying human-stressed landscapes, with an emphasis on water problems; (c) specialized support personnel, facilities, and technology; and (d) integrative cyberinfrastructure to provide a shared-use network as the framework for collaborative analysis 2. Transform environmental engineering and hydrologic science research and education 3. Enable more effective management of water resources in human-dominated environments based on observation, experimentation, modeling, engineering analysis, and design

6. WATERS Network: MISSION STATEMENT First, to transform our understanding of the Earth’s water and related biogeochemical cycles across spatial and temporal scales to enable forecasting of critical water-related processes that affect and are affected by human activities. Second, to develop scientific and engineering tools that will enable more effective management approaches for water resources in large-scale human-stressed environments.

7. WATERS Network Grand Challenges 1.How do we better detect, predict, and manage the effects of human activities and natural perturbations on the quantity, distribution and quality of water in near-real time? 2.What natural and human factors control the patterns and variability of water cycle processes at scales from local to continental? 3.Is there a universal theory of Continental Water Dynamics that accounts for patterns and variability, and their evolution over time? From USGS

8. Vision: WATERS Network Sensors and Measurement Facility Modeling and Synthesis Informatics Observatories/ Environmental Field Facilities

9.  Depth profiler using computer- controlled, programmable winch sonde package includes  Conductivity  Temperature  Turbidity  DO  pH/ORP  Chlorophyll-a  Internal battery  Data transmitted via cellular modem Sontek-YSI FlowCAM Images of Zebra mussel veligers Nierzwicki-Bauer, RPI Microcytometry using FlowCam Solar AUV (SAUV II) Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute (AUSI) Falmouth Scientific Inc. Art Sanderson, RPI Microbial Genosensor (D. Fries, USF) ADVANCES IN SENSORS ARE OCCURRING AT BREATH-TAKING RATES

10. Buoyed sensor system: 20 th century technology

11. Wireless sensor network: we can do this now

12. Maybe?

13. Not without advances in cyberinfrastructure!

14. NWIS ArcGIS Excel NCAR Unidata NASA STORET NCDC Ameriflux Matlab AccessJava Fortran Visual Basic C/C++ Some operational services CUAHSI Web Services Data Sources Applications Extract Transform Load http://www.cuahsi.org/his/

15. 1.CLEANER Project Office established in August 2005 (Barbara Minsker, UIUC, PI. Six committees (~10-15 members each) have prepared draft reports on: Science challenges and issues Cyberinfrastructure needs Sensors and sensor networks Organization (consortium possibilities) Role of social sciences in EOs Educational plans A report on modeling needs has also been completed. See www.watersnet.orgwww.watersnet.org History of Recent Planning

16. 1. National Research Council issued (Phase I) report “CLEANER and NSF’s Environmental Observatories” supporting the concept of WATERS Network, and providing advice on science questions and implementation issues (May 2006). Phase II full-scale committee study is underway. Recent Progress

17. 2. Tangible progress is being made on the development of cyberinfrastructure needs for WATERS Network: ● Three of the five new CEO:P projects focus on cyberinfra- structure for water resources research (June 2006). ● Hydrologic Information System now has capabilities to extract and merge water data from various databases. ● A prototype “cyberintegrator” is under development to provide a meta-work-flow system to streamline analysis of data from diverse sources and link various models and analysis tools. Recent Progress, cont.

18. 3. EET and HS jointly are funding 11 “test-bed” projects to gain field experience with EO development and operation. Recent Progress, cont. Bales UC-MercedObservatory Design in the Mountain West: Scaling Measurements and Modeling in the San Joaquin Valley and Sierra Nevada DuffyPenn State A Synthesis of Community Data and Modeling for Advancing River Basin Science: the Evolving Susquehanna River Basin Experiment Graham U Fla Design and Demonstration of a Distributed Sensor Array for Predicting Water Flow and Nitrate Flux in the Santa Fe Basin HondzoU Minn Wireless Technologies and Embedded Networked Sensing: Application to Integrated Urban Water Quality Management JustU Iowa Clear Creek Environmental Hydrologic Observatory: from Vision toward Reality MinskerU Illinois An Environmental Information System for Hypoxia in Corpus Christi Bay: A WATERS Network Test-bed MooreU Montana Linking Time and Space of Snowpack Runoff: Crown of the Continent Hydrologic Observatory PaerlUNC FerryMon, Unattended Water Quality Monitoring Utilizing Advanced Environmental Sensing PiaseckiDrexel Demonstration and Development of a Test-Bed Digital Observatory for the Susquehanna River Basin and Chesapeake Bay Stevens Utah State Tools for Environmental Observatory Design and Implementation: Sensor Networks, Dynamic Bayesian Nutrient Flux Modeling, and Cyberinfrastructure Advancement WeltyUMBC Quantifying Urban Groundwater in Environmental Field Observatories: a Missing Link in Understanding How the Built Environment Affects the Hydrologic Cycle

19. NSF is planning a phase -2 test bed competition in FY 08/09

20. The WATERS Network Plan can assist in developing a “Shenandoah Valley Water Resources Science Plan” to provide decision- makers with the ability to better see how policy actions affect future watershed conditions.