1. Hayati Abdul clbha@nus.edu.sg Library Session for WP2201F & WP2201H

2. What You’ll Learn Understand the research process Find citations & full-text articles Use advanced searching techniques Search subscribed databases Evaluate information sources 2

3. Introduction 3

4. Exploring a Topic Search engines Library catalogue Newspaper databases Factiva, LexisNexis Different media YouTube, Google Image search 4

5. The Research Process explore Identify main keywords List synonyms, related words & variant spellings Create search statement Search for sources using LINC+/LINC & databases Get more sources by checking references Are there enough? Evaluate quality, currency, relevance, etc. yes no Complete your assignment Topic 5

6. Information Sources SourceUseful forHow to Access BooksOverview of topicsLINC+, LINC Journal articles & conference papers In-depth treatment of topics, usually current and scholarly. Some journals may be peer- reviewed Citations: databases Full-text: LINC+, LINC Newspapers Recent events, anecdotes, book reviews, interviews, biographical information, “data” Factiva, LexisNexis, microfilms Theses & dissertationsStudents’ exploration of topics LINC+, LINC, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Websites (.edu,.gov,.org ) Exploring the topicSearch engines 6

7. Evaluating Information Sources Authority: reputable publisher, society or organisation; author’s credentials & institutional affiliation Accuracy: methods of research; means to verify data; support by references Objectivity: biasness Currency: up-to-date Scholarly: peer reviewed, cited More info at: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/553/03/ http://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit09/ 7

8. Scholarly & Peer-Reviewed Journals Scholarly journals contain articles written by and for experts in a discipline. Many scholarly journals use a peer review process before publishing an article Note: not all scholarly journals go through the peer-review process, but a peer-reviewed journal can be assumed to be scholarly. 8

9. S=scientist E=editor R=reviewer The Peer-Review Process 9

10. WAYS OF SEARCHING ARTICLES WAYS OF SEARCHING ARTICLES 10

11. Method 1: Search Databases Method 3: search by name of database e.g. LLBA Method 1: browse databases by subject Note: Most databases do not provide full-text articles. Method 2: select a major database listed here

12. Method 1: Search Databases Most databases only provide citations, not full-text articles. Example of citation: T rujillo, E. E. (2005). History and success of plant pathogens for biological control of introduced weeds in Hawaii. Biological Control, 33(1), 113-122.

13. Method 2: Check LINC or LINC+ LINC LINC+ search one field (title, author, keyword, call no., ISBN) and location/collection good for known item search (e.g. journal titles) search many fields (title, author, keyword, subject) good for browsing & discovery

14. Method 2: Check LINC or LINC+ Do we subscribe to the journal? Check LINC/LINC+!

15. Journal Record in LINC our subscription latest issue In CL Current Journals search for specific volume or year click for complete listing of volumes in Bound Journals and Closed Stacks E-journal publishers/ providers

16. Advanced Search Techniques

17. Boolean Operators AND = both terms must be present → to narrow/refine search → fewer results OR = either terms may be present → to broaden search → more results NOT = excludes a search term → use with caution ANDAND O R consumer genetically modified food attitudes perceptions 17

18. Quotation Marks “ ” Use quotation marks “ ” for phrase searching Examples: food miles: 482 results “food miles”: 56 results Note: Some databases treat adjacent words as separate words with the implicit operator AND between the words. Others treat them as phrase (“ ”) 18

19. * Asterisk * Use asterisk * for variant forms of a word & variant spelling Examples: politic*  politics, politically, political… colo*r  colour, color Note: Some databases use other symbols, e.g.: $, ?, ! Check individual databases “Help” menus 19

20. Parentheses ( ) Use parentheses ( ) for grouping similar or related words Example: (behaviour OR attitudes) AND genetically modified food  genetically modified food AND behaviour  genetically modified food AND attitudes 20

21. Databases

22. Recommended Databases Multidisciplinary Scopus Web of Science Expanded Academic ASAP JSTOR Specialised Sociological Abstracts Worldwide Political Science Abstracts International Bibliography of the Social Sciences FIAF: International Film Archive Database Newspapers Factiva LexisNexis Academic NewspaperSG 22

23. Access Databases from Library Portal Method 3: search by name of database e.g. Sociological Abstracts Method 1: browse databases by subject Method 2: select a major database listed here 23

24. Database: Scopus Multidisciplinary database Check library holdings (LINC button) or get full-text (View at publisher button) Easy to use Shows references and times cited 24

25. Step 1. Identify Keywords Food for thought: consumer attitudes and behaviour with regard to genetically modified food #1: genetically modified food #2: consumer #3 behaviour, attitudes Topic 25

26. Step 2: List Synonyms & Related Words perception* sentiment* opinion* survey* consumer* genetically modified food #1: genetically modified food #2: consumer #3. behaviour, attitudes 26

27. Step 3: Create Search Statement Search statement: (“genetically modified food”) AND (consumer*) AND (behav* OR attitud* OR perception*) Food for thought: consumer attitudes and behaviour with regard to genetically modified food Topic 27

28. Let’s search Scopus search statement add or remove fields search within… limit by year… 28

29. Scopus Search Results 29 sort by relevance limit results to…

30. Scopus Refined Results 30 toggle to Library catalogue to search source title mark records view abstract view fulltext export to EndNote create QuickBib view abstract via CSA databases

31. 31 Create Bibliography (QuickBib) Select citation style

32. Let’s search Scopus #1: Bollywood #2: diaspora Home sweet home: Bollywood in the life of the Indian diaspora Identify Keywords 32 Topic

33. Step 2: List Synonyms & Related Words global* #2: diaspora Bombay cinema #1: Bollywood 33

34. Step 3: Create Search Statement Search statement: Bollywood OR (Bombay AND cinema) AND (diaspora OR global*) Home sweet home: Bollywood in the life of the Indian diaspora Topic 34

35. Let’s search Scopus search statement add or remove fields search within… 35 limit by year…

36. Scopus Search Results 36 sort by relevance Limit results to…

37. Scopus Refined Results 37 toggle to Library catalogue to search source title mark records view abstract click to view fulltext export to EndNote create QuickBib view abstract via CSA databases

38. 38 Create Bibliography (QuickBib) Select citation style

39. Specialised Databases Sociological Abstracts Coverage, 1979- Culture, social structure, social differentiation, social psychology, sociology of the arts, business, education, studies in violence and power and more…… Worldwide Political Science Abstracts Coverage, 1975- political science, political theory, international relations, public administration/policy 39 Note: Search LINC for full-texts

40. Access Sociological Abstracts & Worldwide Political Science Abstracts 40

41. Let’s search… Where have all the food gone? The politics of food aid distribution #1: food aid #3: distribut* #2: politics, controvers*, disput* problem* Identify Keywords Topic 41

42. Let’s search… search statement may search within… limit by … 42

43. Sociological & Worldwide Political Science Abstracts Search Results 43 click to read full abstract mark records copy source title and search LINC click to output records

44. Output Search Results 44 select citation style Save to export to EndNote

45. Let’s search… Romancing the winter sonata: fascination of the Korean drama in a globalised world. #1: Korea* #3: global* #2: drama Identify Keywords 45 Topic

46. Lets’ search Sociological Abstracts search statement Limit by years 46 may search within…

47. Sociological & Worldwide Political Science Abstracts Search Results 47 click to read full abstract mark records copy source title and search LINC click to output records

48. Output Search Results 48 select citation style Save to export to EndNote

49. Database : Web of Science Multidisciplinary database Contains scholarly articles published in high impact journals Includes conference proceedings User-friendly interface Links to full-texts and times cited features are available. 49

50. Let’s search… Economic and environmental assessment of the “Food miles” movement. #1: food miles #3: environment* #2: economic* Identify Keywords Topic 50

51. Let’s search Web of Science 51 search within… enter search terms limit by year limit by subject areas

52. Web of Science Search Results 52 Click to view full-text Click to view full record May refine results further by subject areas, etc. mark records Sort results by relevance

53. View Full Record 53 select “Holdings & then click “Go” to search for source title in Library catalogue Select to directly export record into EndNote

54. Database : Expanded Academic ASAP Multidisciplinary database Contains popular and scholarly articles including book reviews Many articles in full-text 54

55. Let’s search… “China Dolls” and “Dragon Ladies”: stereotypes of Asian women in Hollywood cinema #1: Asia* #3: Hollywood #2: women female actress* Identify Keywords Topic 55

56. Let’s search Expanded Academic 56

57. Expanded Academic search results 57

58. E-Newspapers

59. E-Newspapers Factiva To search/browse: Local, international or global news stories on a daily basis, or by selecting particular dates New York Times, Asian Wall Street Journal, Bangkok Post… Stories from a specific news source e.g. Straits Times… News stories by subjects (e.g. equity markets, airlines, investment analysis, international news feeds Latest headlines from a selected country’s newspapers. 59

60. Portraying India at its best: reviews of Slumdog Millionaire Let’s search E-Newspapers Slumdog Millionaire #1: slumdog millionaire #2: india Identify Keywords 60 Topic #3: reviews

61. Factiva Search Builder 61

62. Factiva Operators/Connectors Operator / Connector Boolean operatorsAND, OR, NOT SameTwo terms in the same paragraph e.g. popular culture same romantic love AtleastnWords mentioned more than once e.g. Atleast5 romance ( ) Group words together ?Words spelled differently by one letter e.g. organi?ation * * (asterisk)Words with multiple endings of any length e.g. commercial* w/n Words adjacent to each other in the order specified, within a certain no. e.g. wireless w/3 mobile nearnWords near another word in any order within a certain no. e.g. valentine near5 retail sales Tip: The following punctuation marks are optional: hyphens, periods, apostrophes, commas, and the slash (/) character. For example, entering “coca-cola” will retrieve the same results as entering “Coca cola.” 62

63. Let’s search Factiva 63 enter search terms limit by date Click on “More Options”. Then select “Headline & Lead Paragraph” & “Relevance” Click “Source”. Then select source(s)

64. Refine Search Results 64 Sorted by relevance Refine results further by… Select to read articles in new frame

65. Search Results 65 sorted by relevance results refined further by… Read fulltext in new frame Mark records Click on title to read full text in right hand frame

66. E-Newspapers LexisNexis Academic News English and non-English language newspapers and news magazines, TV and radio program transcripts, wire services, blogs, trade publications, and public opinion research. Legal information Law reviews, case law, international legal materials, etc. Business information: Directories, trade publications, industry research reports, etc. Country information Country risk reports, BBC news summaries, Global Insight, etc. 66

67. Let’s search LexisNexis Academic Overfishing and the world’s biggest appetite for fish: the case of Japan #1: overfishing #2: japan Identify Keywords 67 Topic

68. Let’s search LexisNexis Academic 68 select News

69. Let’s search LexisNexis Academic 69 select All News enter search terms search within… limit by years select type of sources or enter specific source name limit further if necessary

70. LexisNexis Academic Search Results 70 select sort by relevance Refine by groups- pub name, subject…

71. Refined Search Results 71 sorted by relevance results refined by… select to view full-text select to view all results mark records may refine further by categories below….

72. Google Scholar

73. What about Google Scholar? Attempts to provide a single search engine for scholarly literature. Note: Not all results come from scholarly sources Good for quick research. May offer a number of versions of the same article depending on where it was found. Search results may include links to full-text articles freely available on the Internet. Many links take you to publishers' websites where access requires a subscriber login. 73

74. Proxy Bookmarklet Proxy Bookmarklet - Use to access full-texts of Google Scholar references - Inserts the NUS library proxy stem into article link Note: It works only for source titles subscribed by NUS Libraries

75. Install Library Proxy Bookmarklet to access full-text 75

76. Tips…

77. Let’s Recap… Use synonyms and related words Create search statement using keywords plus AND, OR, NOT, ( ), *, “ ” Select fields e.g. article title, abstract Limit/refine search by type (article, books, reviews), date, peer-reviewed, etc Sort results by relevance Quality (Relevance) vs. Quantity 77

78. Troubleshooting Search Results You may encounter: too many results  use AND, phrase search “ ”, more specific keywords, limit results by date, document type, etc. too few results  use OR, asterisk *, more general keywords, synonyms/related words many irrelevant results  exclude keywords that are too general no results  check spelling, use more OR & synonyms, or redefine your research topic If you need help, check with your professor or ask a librarian!ask a librarian 78

79. Cite References

80. Why Cite? Provides evidence for your arguments and adds credibility to your work. To help readers find your sources & go through some of the steps you took to reach your conclusions. To show your teachers the work that you have done Helps avoid charges of plagiarism. plagiarism. 80

81. The kinds of sources you need to cite… Direct quotations from a book, article, letter, email, lecture, etc. Ideas you draw from a source but present entirely in your own words. Paraphrases and summaries of books, journal articles, pamphlets Statistics, tables, charts… Single words, short phrases, sentences & passages quoted from books or articles used. 81

82. EndNote A software that: stores and organizes citations inserts citations into a Word document format references in a predefined citation style For more info: http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnotehttp://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote Technical queries (e.g. installation): call IT Care at: 6516 2080 Email: itcare@nus.edu.sgitcare@nus.edu.sg Watch EndNote video 82

83. Citation Builders NCSU Citation Builder EasyBib 83

84. More…

85. Appropriate Use Library resources are mainly for your research and study Use them responsibly Observe copyright guidelines for photocopying and printing - 10% or 1 chapter of book - 1 article in a journal issue Avoid excessive photocopying or downloading Copyright violations may have serious consequences 85

86. Plagiarism http://www.cit.nus.edu.sg/plagiarism- prevention/ 86

87. Getting Help Phone:6516-2029/30 Email:clbha@nus.edu.sg askalib@nus.edu.sgaskalib@nus.edu.sg (general queries) Walk in:information desk (CL, level 5) Others:FAQs Library Instruction ONline (LION) Subject Guide 87

88. The End 88