1. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer

2. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Electromagnetic Waves … demonstration Slinky illustrates longitudinal and transverse waves. Polarization cards illustrate Brewster angle reflection from floor tiles with ‘natural light’ incident.

3. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer CHAPTER 1 EMISSION: Birth of Photons Wave/Photon boson: Polarization. Linear Polarization: E-field in one direction. Circular, elliptical polarization: E-Efield rotates due to phase difference between horizontal and vertical components. From: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/polclas.html

4. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer More Details on the Polarization States Circular Polarization Elliptical Polarization: The most general representation.

5. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer The Big Picture, On Average OLR is balanced by ASR. More flux at the equator and less at the poles drives atmospheric circulations as the planet responds with atmospheric and oceanic circulatiouns, like a heat engine, to relieve the asymmetry. Why do OLR and ASR have the values shown?

6. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Energy Transfer From Equator to Poles Fig. 9.2 Radiant energy per year --->

7. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer The Big Picture, On Average Energy pathways are available to the Earth to relieve the ‘burden’ of solar energy. Is it valid to state that the Earth converts solar radiation to IR? How much of the IR emitted by the surface is directly emitted to space? Where is most of the solar radiation absorbed? Do the numbers add up for a radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere? What roles do conduction, latent heat, and rising air (convection) play in the energy balance?

8. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer The Big Picture, On Average Solar IR heat How would the numbers change if ‘cloudiness’ increased? Which numbers change as we increase the CO 2 concentration?

9. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer The Big Picture, Atmospheric radiation drives the global circulation, both in the atmosphere and in the ocean.

10. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Satellite Images Geostationary Satellite Images example of visible, IR, and water vapor satellite images.

11. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer From: http://www.sonoma.edu/users/f/freidel/global/. What’s missing?http://www.sonoma.edu/users/f/freidel/global/ Infrared Atmosphere and Ocean

12. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Three Choices for Radiation Emissivity is the same as absorptivity. Source can be visible or infrared radiation, or other wavelengths as well. Climate consequences of these choices…. (from www.ldeo.columbia.edu/.../solar_radiation)

13. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Earth’s Surface Temperature T e Earth’s radiative temperature T s Sun’s radiative temperature R s Sun’s radius R se Sun to Earth distance a Earth’s surface solar reflectance t IR transmittance of Earth’s atmosphere.

14. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Simple Model for Earth’s Atmosphere

15. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Simple Surface Temperature Calculation Assuming Solar Absorption only at the surface, IR emission by the atmosphere and Earth’s surface, and IR absorption by the Atmosphere. S 0 = 1376 W/m 2 =Solar Irradiance at the TOA and  =Stefan-Boltzmann constant

16. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Greenhouse Effect: from Greenhouse Effect: from http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/ClimateChange/Pages/Greenhouse%20Effect.aspx

17. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Greenhouse Effect: from Greenhouse Effect: from http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/ClimateChange/Pages/Greenhouse%20Effect.aspx

18. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Man’s Radiative Forcing From year 1750 (IPCC Report)

19. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Gas Concentrations and Projected Temperature

20. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Where we may be headed…

21. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Spectrum of Solar Radiation Flux The sun emits 41% of its radiation in the visible spectrum, The sun emits 41% of its radiation in the visible spectrum, 9% in the ultraviolet spectrum 9% in the ultraviolet spectrum 50% in the near infrared spectrum 50% in the near infrared spectrum

22. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Earth Light: Spectrum of Outgoing Infrared Radiation From http://www.lib.utah.edu/services/prog/gould/1998/Figure_5.gif

23. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Infrared Spectrum from the Atmosphere to the Surface CO 2 O3O3 H20H20 CH 4

24. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Spectrum of Solar Radiation Flux O3O3 H2OH2O H2OH2O,CO 2 O2O2 From Cunningham & Cunningham, 2004,.1. 3.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

25. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer Global Energy Balance Incoming = 45 +88 = 133 Outgoing = 104 + 24 + 5 = 133 From Cunningham & Cunningham, 2004, Fig. 9.2

26. Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer SUNSET NEVADA