1. Sub-Saharan Africa

3. Countries for the Political Map Quiz MaliSomalia NigerMalawi ChadBotswana CameroonZimbabwe SenegalSouth Africa LiberiaLesotho TogoMadagascar Democratic Rep. of the CongoMozambique TanzaniaUganda EthiopiaNigeria Sierra LeoneKenya Angola

5. Facts 2 nd largest continent Known as the “Plateau Continent” Most of Africa is covered by a huge plateau Several basins (depressions) lie throughout the plateau

8. Important Physical Features 1. Nile River Flows through Egypt; over 4,100 miles long – Numerous cataracts, rapids, & waterfalls makes transportation via rivers difficult 2. Rift Valleys (East Africa) 3. Mount Kilimanjaro 4. Escarpments (Great Escarpment)

9. Features Continued At the bottom of rift valleys are clusters of lakes Examples: Lake Tanganyika – World’s largest freshwater lake Lake Victoria – Africa’s largest lake

10. Africa’s Resources Mineral resources makes Africa one of the richest continents Examples: gold, platinum, copper, cobalt, phosphates, diamonds

11. Oil & Coffee in Africa Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, & Libya – Leading petroleum producers – Produce about 7% of world’s oil Coffee: – 2 nd most profitable commodity – Africa grows 20% of the world’s supply Lumber & chocolate are also major commodities

12. Importance of Agriculture Agriculture = single most important economic activity in Africa 66% earn their living from farming – Accounts for 1/3 of Africa's exports

14. Climate & Vegetation Majority of Africa is between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn The equator runs through the middle of the continent Africa = warm temperatures

15. 8 climate regions are found in Africa Which is found the most? – Desert Exs: Sahara, Sahel, Kalahari, and Namib Travel is risky due to EXTREME conditions

16. Rainfall? Matter of EXTREMES – Some areas receive too much, while other too little Closer to equator = longer rainy season Closer to desert = longer dry season MOST RAIN: – Rainforest in Central Africa & Africa’s west coast

17. Serengeti Plain Grassland area in northern Tanzania – Very dry with few trees – Lots of animal life

18. Desertification When the land becomes so dry that it turns into deserts

19. Desertification

20. Aswan High Dam Built to control cycle of floods and droughts throughout Egypt = regular supply of water for farmers

21. Problems with the Aswan High Dam 1. Relocation of people 2. Moving/destruction of ancient Egypt’s treasure (temples/pyramids) 3. Decreased fertility of soil 4. Increased rate of diseases, such as Malaria

22. Vocabulary Time!!! Define the following words on the RIGHT side of your notebook; Draw pictures on the LEFT side Rift Valley-Pandemic Basin-Stateless Society Escarpment-Aquifer Serengeti Plain-Bantu Migrations Sahel-Cash Crop Desertification-Commodity Aswan High Dam-Apartheid Silt-Canopy Genocide

23. 4 Regions 1. East 2. Central 3. Western 4. South

24. East Africa’s Aksum Aksum (important East African civilization) – Important trading center; contributed to expansion and power (traded w/Egypt) 6 th Century: Aksum lost many trade partners….empire began to weaken

25. European Colonization The Slave Trade * Existed for centuries, Europeans dramatically increased the traffic * Middle Passage- slave trade from Africa to New World ( N. America) * Many died during this trip across the Atlantic

27. Scramble for Africa European powers divide Africa All Countries were controlled by Europeans, except Liberia and Ethiopia (independent) – Nations = independence in the mid 1900’s

28. Ethiopia Not colonized by Europeans Emperor Menelik II kept the country independent.

29. * Political boundaries made by Europeans caused ethnic conflict (2 opposing groups occupying same land) * Left many regions under developed Colonial Legacy

30. The Masai of Kenya Ethnic group Found in the grasslands of the rift valley Herd livestock

35. West African Empires

36. Ethnic Groups Ashanti – Kente cloth weaving

37. Bantu Migrations: Central Africa

38. South Africa White dominated government enforced the policy of apartheid (strict separation of the races) **Blacks lived in separate areas **No political rights Apartheid ended in 1991

40. Mandela In 1994, held first election following policy of universal suffrage Nelson Mandela was elected 1 st black president of South Africa