2.  DNA is the only molecule that is capable of replicating itself  DNA provides for the continuity of life and accounts for the biodiversity of all life forms

3.  In 1943 Joachim Hammerling found that the nucleus in the cell was the likely “holder” of hereditary information  He used a large single-celled green algae Acetabulaira which grows up to 5 cm

4.  When he cut the algae in distinct pieces, only the rhizoid (foot) was capable of growing a new stalk and cap – it held the nucleus

5.  Regardless of what stem was put on the foot, it was the identity of the foot that would cause the specific cap to grow (they “matched”)

6.  Work with a partner or on your own and do the investigation on page 644 and 645. Hand in one page per group

7.  Frederick Griffith, Avery, McCarty and MacLeod did work that questioned the assumption that protein was the heritable material

8.  Hershey and Chase used a virus or a bacteriophage T2 which affects its bacterial host  The phage is composed of 2 parts 1) Protein coat 2) DNA

9.  The virus survives and duplicates by attaching to the bacteria and injecting its hereditary into it  The bacteria begins to make the new viruses inside it and it eventually bursts with thousands of viruses coming out  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41a qxcxsX2w&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41a qxcxsX2w&feature=related

10.  Hershey and Chase proved that DNA was the hereditary material by using tagged viral proteins with a radioisotope of sulphur and phosphorus  Both of the radioisotopes give off radiation as they decay  Sulphur is found in the protein coat while phosphorus is found in the DNA

11. What molecule would you expect to be found inside the bacteria?  The radioactive phosphorus was found within the bacteria  The radioactive sulphur was found outside of the bacteria  DNA was accepted as the hereditary material  Check out the diagram on page 647

12.  James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA with the help of a picture (X-ray diffraction) taken by Rosalind Franklin

13.  Nucleotide – molecule having a five- carbon sugar with a nitrogenous base attached to its 1’ carbon and a phosphate group attached to its 5’ carbon  Nitrogenous base – an alkaline cyclic molecule containing nitrogen

14.  Deoxyribose sugar – a sugar molecule containing five carbons that lost the –OH (hydroxyl group) on its 2’ position  Phosphate group – a group of four oxygen atoms surrounding a central phosphorus atom found in the backbone of DNA

15.  DNA is made up of 3 things 1) Phosphate group – makes up the “edges” of the ladder – same for each 2) Deoxyribose sugar (made up of 6 carbons, 5 within a ring) – same for each

16. 3) Nitrogen base – there are 4 and all contain nitrogen – causes the difference ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE, THYMINE Note: the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine

20.  Read page 650 as a class on Politics and Science  Page 657 #1-10, 17-20, 22-24