1. Canadian Battles

2. Juno Beach: Background and Significance
On D-Day Canadians landed on Juno Beach
They met severe German opposition
After capturing many towns they advanced inland which secured a stronghold for the allied invasion
14000 attacked and 340 died and 574 wounded
Led to liberation of Europe and the defeat of Nazi Germany

3. Battle of Normandy: Description
Canadian Navy provided 109 vessels, 10,000 sailors as help to the 7,000 Allied vessels
Canadian minesweepers helped clearing the English Channel for the invasion
Allied paratroopers, including 450 Canadians, landed behind the German coastal defences.Separated they captured a German headquarters, destroyed a key bridge, and seized a crossroads.

4. Battle of Normandy: Significance
Canadian troops had progressed further inland than any of their Allies
340 Canadians were killed, another 574 wounded and 47 prisoners
The Atlantic Wall had been broken allowing easy advancements

5. Liberation of Netherlands - Intro
Previous assault across the Rhine a success
Many troops
Made way to Germany
Russians approaching Vienna

6. Liberation of Netherlands - Battle
TASK: Canadian army was to open supply route through Arnhem & clear northeastern Netherlands
Two Canadian Army corps would fight together for the first time in history
#1: Deal with German’s in Western Netherlands: √
#2: clear the northeastern Netherlands: √

7. Liberation of Netherlands - Significance
Canadians big part of liberation
Allies pushing back Axis Powers
Liberation occurred at a vital moment (people were starving  Hunger Winter)
Contributed to end of war (Hitler’s suicide)

8. The Battle of St. Lawrence - Background
This battle took place throughout the lower St. Lawrence River and the entire Gulf of St. Lawrence, Strait of Belle Isle and Cabot Strait
Occurred from May to Oct. 1942, Sept and again in Oct. and Nov. 1944
It involved many merchant marine ships and 3 Canadian warships during this time

9. Battle of the St. Lawrence- Summary
In 1939 Montreal exported more tons of shipping than all other Canadian east coast ports combined
Therefore an attack on the Gulf was a serious threat because of the great amount of shipping that passed through there and it’s excellent access to Canada’s industrial heartland
People in 1940 anticipated an attack and wanted to establish a Naval base at Gaspé, Quebec
On May , 1942 the base opened and one week later the first German U-boat attack occurred
Each tried to outsmart other, fought over period of 2 yrs.

10. Battle of St. Lawrence- Significance
This was only battle fought on Canadian waters since war of 1812
Death and shipping tolls rising so government decided to close the St. Lawrence to all trans-Atlantic shipping on Sept. 9, (this eventually forced Germans to move on somewhere else)
This battle part of larger conflict called the battle of the Atlantic, between

11. Defense of Hong Kong: Description
Morning of Dec. 8th hours after Pearl Harbor
Japan attacked Hong Kong
After 3 days of combat, defenders were pushed away from the mainland into Hong Kong
On the 13th and 17th Japan told the defenders to surrender but Hong Kong didn’t
Image Showing Japanese lines of Attack

12. Defense of Hong Kong: Description Con’t
The allies surrendered on Christmas Day
It was an 18 day battle
The allies were outnumbered 3-1
Dongjiang Guerillas fighting in trenches.

13. Defense of Hong Kong: Outcome
Hong Kong lost
2000 of defenders were killed (over 550 Canadians)
the rest suffered in Japanese POW camps for the rest of the war
Those who survived came home with bad health and shortened lives
Prisoners of War

14. The Italian Campaign: Background
Fought from July 10, 1943 until May 8, 1945
It was fought through out Italy, starting in Sicily and ending well into Northern Italy.
Axis Losses
47,873 KIA
97,145 MIA and POW’s
163,600 WIA
Allied Losses
59,151 KIA
30,849 MIA
220,000 WIA

15. What Happened
Began with amphibious/airborne invasion of Sicily on July 10, 1943
Later they slowly Invaded main land Italy, breaking through heavy opposition.
They took towns and cities along the way, at a very high price.
Germany surrendered on May 2, 1945 after losing almost all their fighting force.

16. Significance
This battle was fought before the battle of Normandy quite intentionally so as to draw German troop away from the French beaches. It also allowed the allies to capture Rome and gave the Italians a chance to separate from Germany

17. The Raid on Dieppe: Significance:
A huge failure
More Canadians died in one hour in Dieppe then in any other day of the war
Canadian troops become more experienced for the D-Day invasion two years later
Also concentrated German’s attention more to the Eastern Front

18. The Raid on Dieppe :Summary
The object was to attack and destroy targets on the port of Dieppe, France, to make the English channel defense stronger at the expense of other armed areas
The element of surprise was gone by morning light
The main attack on Dieppe beach was swept with machine guns making a successful raid impossible
The raid was conquered by Germany soldiers by the afternoon

19. The Raid on Dieppe : Background Information
On August 19th, 1942
The Dieppe Raid is also known as The Operation Jubilee
4,963 Canadians, 907 died including 56 officers and 1,946 were captured
the Royal Regiment of Canada were on the beaches of Puys, Dieppe and Pourville

20. Home Front

21. Kids at home had to take the place of their parents who went to war and some worked on farms
Teens from 17 to 18 would go to war
Sometimes teens would lie about their age so there were some soldiers who were only 13 years old

22. Youth were constantly being encouraged to go fight
Age for getting a drivers license went down to 14 years of age

23. Canadian Production of War Materials
The Second World War was highly mechanized.
The industry in Canada produced 800,000 military transport vehicles, 50,000 tanks, 40,000 field, naval, and anti-aircraft guns, and 1,700,000 small arms.
With this massive production there was a ratio of one vehicle for every three soldiers.

24. Canadian Production of War Materials: Significance
The sacrifices made by Canadians during the Second World War were numerous and spanned a broad range of efforts.
The contributions of the home front industry helped produce essential material in the war.

25. Propaganda
There was a lot of propaganda used during the second world war.
Lord Kitchener struck his famous pose of pointing at the viewer and saying “BRITONS want YOU to join the army” which worked so well that the U.S. copied him using Uncle Sam.
Many different styles of posters were also used to sell war bonds, which gave extra money to the war effort, and paid you more then you spent when the war ended.
War stamps were sold to children, for less cost, as well as less return
Uncle Sam originated in the 1800’s and came into play during wars by copying Lord Kitchener
Sources:

26. Propaganda examples

27. Science and Technology: WWII
There were many technological innovations in the WWII era. Some include:
Anti-fog windshield fluid
Synthetic rubber
Use of nylon for parachutes
Study of magnetism to protect the hulls of ships from mines
Canadian Anti-Acoustic Torpedo (CAT) gear developed for the protection from torpedoes.

28. Science and Tech con’t…
One of the bigger innovations was the atomic bomb (fission bomb).
This was done by splitting the nucleus of an atom into two smaller nuclei.
This atomic bomb was used in the last battle of WWII, Hiroshima-Nagasaki.

29. Women at War; {Description}
Worked in Factories
Drove taxies, buses, streetcars
Built parts for air planes, subs and ships
worked on Air fields
Took on their sons jobs on farms
The role of women changed dramatically for the second world war.

30. Women at War; {Significance}
Proved they had the skills
Prior to war 600,000 women held jobs, after the war 1,200,000 did
Women built a reputation for fine precision work in optics, etc.
The efforts of both men and women who contributed in WW2, have helped create a lasting legacy for Canada.

31. International Battles

32. Battle for Berlin One of the final battles of WW2
One of the “bloodiest battles in the world”
Start late April 1945 until early May
Russia out numbered Germany 5:1 in soldiers
Hitler committed suicide before the end of the battle
Germany surrender
Nearly a quarter of a million people died during the last three weeks of World War Two
70,000 Russian soldiers lost their life

33. D – Day - Events
June 6th 1944
Royal Canadian Air Force pre bombed key points
Royal Canadian Navy contributed sailors
Stormy weather (English channel: rough)
Only one Canadian unit reached its D-Day objective
Element of surprise

34. D – Day – In relation to WWII
60th Anniversary of D-Day, Omaha Beach, Normandy, France June 6, 2004
Huge success
Allies had landed as many as 155,000 troops in France, 6,000 vehicles, 600 guns and about 4,000 tons of supplies
Sealed the Deal ( 1944: Nearing end of war)

35. Dunkirk, the definition
While fighting, many Allied troop divisions were trapped in the coastal port of Dunkirk.
Of the troops that were caught in Dunkirk, around of them were killed or wounded while fighting the Germans, who only lost troops
Allied troops were evacuated over an 8 day period.
Due to the nature of the allied evacuation, the Allie’s had to leave behind many machine guns and vehicles.
The Allies lost almost double troops and planes as the German army.
Sources:

36. Dunkirk, The significances
Large number of Allied soldiers lost in comparison to Germans
Allies would have been at great disadvantage if soldiers had not escaped German army was strengthened by Allies loss of machine guns, vehicles and other machinery that the Allies left.
Hitler thought something was wrong, because it was so easy.

37. El Alamein Summery fought in deserts of North Africa
seen as one of the main victories of World War Two
mainly between two of the outstanding commanders who were Montgomery and Rommel
allied victory lead to the Afrika Korpa retreating and the Germans surrendering on May 1943

38. Fall of France Germany invaded France
The battle consisted of two main operations, Case Yellow and Case Red
-German armored units cut off and surrounded the Allies that had advanced into Belgium
-German forces attacked a larger territory of France using blitzkrieg

39. Fall of France con’t… June 13th Paris was invaded by German forces
-they were expecting an invasion from the east
June 23rd France surrendered, which meant:
Disarmament of the French troops
Occupation of two-thirds of France by Germany
France was occupied by Germany until the Allied landing in1944

40. Hiroshima – What Happened
August 6, 1945, 8:15am the US dropped an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japan
Happened under command of US President Truman
A lb uranium bomb
Nicknamed “Little Boy”
Instantly killed

41. Hiroshima – What Happened
The bodies of those close to detonation were turned to char
Described as a blinding light combined with an overwhelming wave of heat
The detonation of fires created a fire storm
About 5 days later radiation sickness appeared

42. Hiroshima – Related to the War
Little Boy
Why the bomb was dropped:
An attempt to end the war
Hiroshima was an important military centre
Japan ignored the ultimatum to surrender or suffer the consequences
This bomb along with a second bomb in Nagasaki, Japan, 3 days later were the only two Nuclear bombs dropped in history of war
Big Boy

43. Hiroshima – Related to the War
Dropped by B-29 Super fortress - Enola Gay
August Japan announced its surrender to the Allied Powers
Even though the bombs killed many innocent civilians, it is said to have saved the lives of millions of Japanese and American troops because of the Japanese surrender

44. Invasion Of Sicily: Background
The plan was to land the two armies side by side in southern Sicily, and advance directly across the island.
A corpse disguised as a British officer was sent to drift ashore in Spain, carrying a briefcase containing fake allied documents. These documents revealed that the Allies were planning to invade Greece and not Sicily.

45. Invasion Of Sicily: Battle And Outcome
The Allies landed in strong winds which ensured the element of surprise
The Allies only met minor opposition
After a week of fighting the Allies took over the capitol of Sicily (Palermo) which signaled the loss of Sicily to the Germans and Italians

46. Iwo Jima Date: Feb16 – March 26, 1945 Location: Iwo Jima
Description: capture would make emergency landing strip for damaged B-29s during the bombing runs.
Iwo Jima had 3 airfields which made it ideal for fighting.
Tokyo thought if there were enough American casualties, Washington wouldn’t dare launch an attack.
Japanese strategy: no Japanese survivors (heroic in their eyes).

47. Significance of Iwo Jima
Important air base for fighter escorts supporting long-range bombing missions against mainland Japan.
seizing Iwo Jima would let sea/air blockades, power to conduct intense air bombardment and destroy the enemy’s air and navel capabilities.
Capturing Iwo Jima meant the battle for Okinawa, and the invasion of Japan was on its way to becoming reality.

48. Normandy Description The battle of Normandy lasted 3 months
After the Allies took the beach they needed to expand quickly to give them more of a foothold
It took the allies 10 days to make a significant foothold in France

49. Normandy What Happened
Canadians, British and Americans attacked the coast of Normandy
1074 casualties 359 deaths
July Canadians captured Buron and Authie
July Canadians captured Caen

50. Normandy Significance
It gave the allies a foot hold in Europe to ultimately push the Germans back into Germany

51. Operation Barbarossa:Description
Germany invaded Soviet Union, June 22, 1941
117 German divisions, 132 Russian
Armies: North(von Leeb), Centre (von Bock) and South(von Rundstedt)
Objectives: Moscow, Leningrad
300,000 Russian infantry, 2,500 tanks, 1,400 artillery, 250 aircraft captured
Hitler delayed army’s advance moving troops
Winter weakened Germans and Russia defeated them

52. Operation Barbarossa:Significance
Germany invaded Russia after saying they wouldn’t
Largest military attack in WW2
Opened up Eastern Front
Battles: Moscow, Smolensk, Brody, Bialystok-Minsk, Raseiniai
One of most lethal attacks in WW2
Germans lost because of overdeployment and underestimation of the Soviets
Siege of Leningrad
Some say “ General Winter” helped Soviets

53. The battle at Pearl Harbor; {Description}
against the United States' base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii by the Japanese navy
December 7th, 1941
The aerial attack consisted of 355 planes--took off form 6 Japanese carriers
*Two of the US ships were beyond repair *188 aircraft destroyed *2,388 killed and 1,178 wounded

54. The battle of Pearl Harbor; {Significance}
Resulted in the United States becoming involved in World War two.
Modernized the US navy in less than two hours

55. Stalingrad: Description
Germany used the Blitzkrieg technique against the USSR
Between July and February
Casualties estimated to be above 1.5 million
Soviet victory
The city of Salingrad being bombed.

56. Stalingrad: Importance
Important to Hitler for two reasons
First: it was a vital transport route between the Caspian Sea and Northern Russia
Second: it would secure the left flank of the Germans
A goal of cutting off the fuel to Stalin’s war machines
Image on next page.