1. Section 3-Essential Question
How did the Spanish-American War help the United States become a world power?
Section 3-Essential Question

4. A. The explosion of the Maine B. The tour of the “Great White Fleet”
Which of the following events triggered the war between the United States and Spain?
A. The explosion of the Maine
B. The tour of the “Great White Fleet”
C. A surprise Spanish attack on Florida
D. A Cuban attack on the United States A B C D
Section 3

5. Figure 1

6. #1 Situation in Cuba Cuba was a Spanish colony Cuban Revolution-1895
In response, Spain sent General Weyler to put down the rebellion
New governor of Cuba
Used brutal tactics
Placed Cubans in detention camps
100,000 died

7. #2 “A Splendid Little War” (cont.)
The revolution in Cuba as described through yellow journalism tactics caused great concern in the United States.
American newspapers blamed Spain when the Maine exploded, which triggered the Spanish-American war.
The Spanish-American War
Section 3

8. #3 USS Maine
(#3) President McKinley sent the warship Maine to Havana to protect American citizens and property.
US battleship sent to Havana to protect Americans
Exploded on February 25, 1898-Cause of explosion remains a mystery
Blame was placed on Spain
266 Americans died
“Remember the Maine” becomes the battle cry
America declared war on Spain on April 25, 1898-ends August 12, 1898

9. Shortly afterwards, the Spanish signed an armistice and the war ended.
(#2) “A Splendid Little War”
Theodore Roosevelt led the Rough Riders to victory in the Battle of San Juan Hill.
Shortly afterwards, the Spanish signed an armistice and the war ended.
Secretary of State John Hay called the Spanish-American War “a splendid little war.”
The Spanish-American War
Section 3

10. Acquisitions
The American empire became a reality after the Spanish-American War.
Section 3

11. Acquisitions
The United States and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war. Under the terms of the treaty:
Cuba became an American protectorate.
Puerto Rico and Guam became territories of the United States.
Spain surrendered the Philippines to the United States for $20 million.
Section 3

12. Acquisitions
Cuba was granted full independence on the condition that their constitution gave the United States certain rights, known as the Platt Amendment.
The Jones Act in 1917 made Puerto Rico a territory of the United States and granted American citizenship to all Puerto Ricans.
Section 3

13. Puerto Rico Today it is a U.S. territory known as a Commonwealth
P.R. is in charge of its own internal affairs
the U.S. controls interstate trade, foreign relations, control of land, air, and sea, currency, citizenship, etc.
They send one member to the House of Representatives, however he/she cannot vote
They have a vote from time to time about whether they want to become an independent nation or to become a U.S. state

14. Acquisition of the Philippines
The acquisition of the Philippines caused fierce debate among American citizens.
Some argued that American rule of the Philippines went against the democratic principles on which the United States was founded.
Others felt the Philippines would provide the United States with an important Pacific naval base.
Section 3

15. Acquisitions
The Filipino people were led to believe they would be able to be an independent nation.
They were angered that the US, who helped them in their fight for independence, purchased the Philippines from Spain.
At least 200,000 Filipino’s died in fighting against US rule. More than 4,000 US soldiers died in the fighting.
Section 3

16. Figure 3

17. Figure 4

18. Panama Canal
Panama Canal Review

19. 8,000 Mile Shortcut

20. What is a canal?
An area of water that is dug across land. Canals connect bodies of water so that ships can travel between them.

21. 1) Why was the canal built?
Roosevelt wanted it built so he could move the navy quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
It would lower shipping costs increasing business profits

22. 2) Why was it built in Panama?
It was built in Panama because it is the narrowest strip of land in Central America.
Panama is an isthmus. An isthmus is a narrow strip of land which has water on each side and connects two larger bodies of land.
Courtesy of:

23. When was it built? 1904 The United States begins working on the Canal
1914 The canal is completed

24. Background Information
1835 France is given a permit to build a canal across Panama. However first they have to come up with a plan to build the canal. In 1881 they finally start building.
The 1800’s

25. 1881 A French company begins construction on the canal
1881 A French company begins construction on the canal. After eight years France gives up on the project.
Over 20,000 construction workers died working on the project for France and the company trying to build the canal goes bankrupt.
The French Give Up

26. The United States 3) How did get the land to build the Canal?
US offers Colombia $10 million dollars for the land.
Colombia refused the offer believing that the US was trying to bully them for the land.
The people of Panama wanted to be independent.
Roosevelt sent a warship to Panama to support the Panamanians by not allowing Colombian ships to enter the harbor. A revolution started.
With the ship preventing the Colombian soldiers from reaching Panama, the Panamanians won.
Panama agrees to sell us a 10 mile wide strip of land to build the canal.

27. What Problems did the US have building the canal?
Just like when the
French had tried to
build the canal, the
builders of the canal
had to figure out how
to cut a 51 mile path
through a tropical
jungle and an area of
mountains!

28. What Problems did the US have building the canal?
Working Conditions
Imagine working on the Panama Canal. By noon the temperature is about 100 degrees. It’s humid-so humid that after it rains steam rises from the ground and your clothes become soaking wet. There is no shade, no air-conditioning, and no place to get cool.

29. What Problems did the US have building the canal?
Working Conditions
The average yearly rainfall is about 80 inches. Flooding makes the ground like pudding, and you can sink up to your knees in mud. Tropical diseases, such as yellow fever and malaria are spread easily by mosquitoes.

30. What Problems did the US have building the canal?
Working Conditions
A tropical jungle may be a fascinating
place for scientists to work, but for
workers trying to build a canal it’s a
nightmare. Imagine trying to dig out
tons of dirt in a jungle like this. And
there was no insect repellent to keep
the bugs from biting.

31. 4) What Problems did the US have building the canal?
Hot humid temperatures
Diseases such as malaria
Dangerous working conditions when using dynamite to cut through mountains
Developing a system to raise and lower ships

32. #6 A lock is a part of a canal with gates at each end where boats are raised or lowered to different water levels.
What are locks?

33. Here are the giant locks
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34. Here are the giant locks being built
Photo from the Canal Zone Brats

35. Here are the giant locks being built
Photos Courtesy of

36. Here is how the Panama Canal works
Image Courtesy of:
Here is how the Panama Canal works

37. The building of the canal
Photo courtesy of:

38. The building of the canal
Photo courtesy of:

39. 1914 The Canal Opens
Image Courtesy of:

40. The Panama Canal Today
Today the canal is a busy place. Ships get stuck in traffic jams because there are so many of them and often have to wait up to 20 hours to go through the canal. Then the trip through the canal takes another eight hours.

41. The Panama Canal is an important landmark and is considered by some to be the 8th Wonder of the World.
                                  
Photo from the Canal Zone Brats

42. LT 2

43. The United States
1977 The United States signs a treaty with Panama and agrees to give Panama control of the canal in 1999