1. Do Species Change Over Time?
Bellringer 7:
Do Species Change Over Time?
As the climate or environment changes, will
a species change or adapt to the new
environment?
Explain what will happen if the species does
not adapt.
ALL LIVING THINGS MUST ADAPT

2. BELLRINGERS Describe why a species would change over time.
Describe how fossils are formed and name several types.
Name and describe how each of the rock
types are formed.
4. Describe how the law of superposition is
used to date rocks and fossils.

3. What Evidence Do Scientists Have That
Species Do Change? How do we know species have adapted?
FOSSIL EVIDENCE – Scientists can study
fossils to see how species have changed with
the environment.
Fossil- Any naturally preserved evidence
of life.

4. TYPES OF ROCKS In which type of rock will you find a fossil?????
IGNEOUS
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC

5. Can a fossil form in this kind of rock? Explain your answer.
Definition: FORMED WHEN MAGMA COOLS AND HARDENS (SOLIDIFIES)
Can a fossil form in this kind of rock? Explain your answer.

6. igneous rocks in Kentucky? Where would you find them?
ALL TYPES OF ROCKS CAN BE CHANGED INTO IGNEOUS ROCK BY MELTING & COOLING OF ANY ROCK
Would you find
igneous rocks in Kentucky?
Where would you
find them?

7. Definition: FORMED WHEN EXISTING ROCK IS CHANGED INTO NEW ROCK BY HEAT AND PRESSURE.

8. ALL TYPES OF ROCKS AND BE CHANGED INTO METAMORPHIC ROCK BY HEAT AND PRESSURE

9. This is the only type of rock that fossils can be found!!!!!!
Definition: FORMED WHEN LAYERS (STRATA) OF SEDIMENTS HARDEN AND FORM SOLID ROCK
Sediment – grains or small pieces of rock that settle out of water
This type of rock can only be formed UNDER WATER!!!!!!!
This is the only type of rock that fossils can be found!!!!!!

10. ALL TYPES OF ROCKS AND BE CHANGED INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK BY WEATHERING, EROSION, & LAYERING OF SEDIMENTS

11. How does a fossil form? 3. Water deposits sediment over organism.
1. Organism dies.
2. Plant or animal has to be completely covered by water or soil
3. Water deposits sediment over organism.
4. Layers build up over the organism.
5. Mud, sediments and bones turn into rock.

12. BELLRINGERS Describe why a species would change over time.
Describe how fossils are formed.
3. Name the 4 main types of fossils.
4. Name and describe how each of the rock
types are formed.
5. Define – geologic column, relative dating, absolute dating, fossil record, index fossil
6. Describe how the law of superposition is
used to date rocks and fossils.

13. Fossil Formation and Types
1. Fossils in rock
2. Petrification
3. Entire Organisms
4. Trace Fossils

14. Fossil Formation and Types
Fossils in rocks (not the actual object)-
mold- hollow area in sediment in the shape of
an organism.
cast- Copy of the shape of the organism. Not
hollow.
imprint – thin objects like leaves or feathers leave small impression in the rock
mold
cast
Imprint

15. Fossil Formation and Types
Petrification –Organism’s tissues are
replaced by minerals and it is turned into stone.
Petrified Wood
Dino Leg Bone

16. Fossil Formation and Types
Entire organisms – whole organism preserved
Amber – Insect lands in tree sap and it
hardens.
Mummification – Organism dies out so fast
that the organism does not decay.
Frozen – Organism trapped in ice.
Tar – Organism caught in tar pit.

17. Fossil Formation and Types
Trace Fossils – preserved evidence of animal activity
Tracks & Trails – Tracks left by animals.
Nests – with or w/o eggs
Burrows – Shelters animals dug
Coprolites – Preserved feces (poop).
Tracks
Dino Eggs
Burrow
Coprolites

18. You and a partner are to make examples of each of these 5 types of fossils:
Mold
Cast
Trace
Imprint
Entire organism
Use the materials in the basket on the desk.
YOU HAVE TWENTY MINUTES. I WILL CHECK EACH TABLE.

19. BELLRINGERS Describe why a species would change over time.
Describe how fossils are formed.
3. Name the 4 main types of fossils.
4. Name and describe how each of the rock
types are formed.
5. Define – geologic column, relative dating, absolute dating, fossil record, index fossil
6. Describe how the law of superposition is
used to date rocks and fossils.

20. Four Things Fossils Tell Us
Many different life forms have become extinct.
2. Earth’s climate has changed.
Earth’s landscape has changed.
Appearance & activities of organism that are now extinct.

21. How Do Scientists Date Fossils?
Absolutes dating: Gives an age in actual
numbers of years(3 million years ago)
Scientists use carbon dating.
Relative Dating: Does not age an exact date. It
compares one fossil or layer to another.
Scientists use Law of Superposition
Relative Dating
Absolute dating

22. How Do Scientists Get the Relative date of the Fossils?
They use the Law of Superposition!!!!!!
Law states- Younger rocks are found on top of the older rock. This way they can see which fossil lived first.
Fossil Record – a listing of all known living organisms from past to present.
Index Fossil: tell relative age of fossils because
they only existed for a brief time.

24. Stories in Rocks(Environmental Change)
The kinds of fossils found in a layer is evidence
what the environment was in the past.
Look at the pictures below and describe how the
climate and environment changed over time.
Read the Red
science plus
page S130 –133
Evidence of
Change!!!!!

25. If there was a layer of fossils above layer A that
contained fossils of small mammals and plants,
explain how that environment has changed.

34. Sometimes when scientists try to
interpret rock layers, the layers
have been disturbed by Earth
processes. Scientists have to know
about these problems.

35. What causes these disruptions in the rock layers?
(These processes will change the rock layers and
affect the Law of Superposition)
Natural Processes that
change the Earth’s surface.
1.Weathering – the breaking down of rocks into sediments
2. Erosion – carrying away of sediments
3. Deposition – Laying down of sediments

36. What can Disturb the Rock Layers?
Types of Unconformities
Folds – Rocks layers bend and buckle from
the internal forces of the Earth.
2. Faults – Break in the Earth’s crust

37. Intrusions – magma squeezes between rock
and cools underground
4. Extrusion – magma is forced to the surface and hardens

39. 5. Erosions – Rock layer is exposed and eroded away
5. Erosions – Rock layer is exposed and eroded away. This causes the rock layer to disappear from the geologic column. These boundaries are usually wavy.