1. Chapter 13: Westward Expansion
How did westward expansion change the geography of the nation and demonstrate the determination of its people?
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2. Westward Ho! Section 1: The West
What cultures and ideas influenced the development of the West?
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3. What Was “The West”?
Before the early 1800’s the west was the area between the Appalachian Mts. and the Mississippi River.
After the By the 1820’s the frontier “The West was the land west of the Mississippi River.
It was the area in the Louisiana Purchase Territory and Oregon Country
Frontier- the land that forms the farthest extent of a nations settled regions

4. “North America in 1830” Which nations had claims on Oregon?
Great Britain/England and the US
What countries would the United States have to deal with to gain more land on the Pacific Coast? What methods might the United States use to gain this land?
Mexico and Great Britain; War, diplomacy

5. The Great Plains Between the Mississippi River and The Rocky Mts.
Farmers did not like the area at first because it was hard to break the sod ground
Many considered the area a way to get to the northwest or Southwest
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6. The Northwest Settlers were attracted to fertile land
Great Britain and the US controlled this territory that is now Washington State and Oregon

7. The Southwest Known as Spanish Borderlands
Present day CA, NV, NM, TX, AR, CO, UT
Vast Cultural influences- Spanish, N-A’s shared their cultures
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8. Spanish Controlled Mexico
Before 1800’s Spanish controlled Mexico and its borderlands
They set up mercantilism and they had a strict Social Class System- Peninisulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Native Americans, African Americans, Slaves
Junipero Serro set up a missionary to convert N-A’s to Catholicism

9. Mexico Wins Independence
1821 Mexico declares Independence
Rancheros were given individual grants from the Mexican govt.
Mexican govt. removed missionaries and gave that land to the rancheros

10. MANIFEST DESTINY!
By the 1840’s many Americans felt it was their RIGHT, their DUTY, to expand all the way from the Atlantic to the Pacific
“From sea to shining sea”
John O’Sullivan made the idea of manifest Destiny publicly known and encouraged by printing a column in his newspaper “Westward Ho!” became the theme

11. Section 2: Trails To The West
Why did people go west and what challenges did they face?
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12. The Santa Fe Trail The first Americans to move west were traders
They wanted new markets to sell their goods

13. Santa Fe Trail
1821 Captain William Becknell brought a wagon full of supplies from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico
Becknell had to cross raging rivers, deal with wild animals, mountains, desert, and much more
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14. Oregon Fur Trade
John Jacob Astor
John Jacob Astor was a German immigrant who sent the first American fur trading expedition to Oregon Country
American Fur Trading Co in 1808 was established
Astor became a millionaire
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15. Mountain Men Mountain men were fur trappers from the west
Mountain men led dangerous, lonely lives
Jebediah Smith was a famous mountain man who supposedly had wild adventures
Rendezvous – a meeting where trappers would trade furs for supplies

16. Oregon Trail
The FIRST easterners to build permanent homes in Oregon were MISSIONARIES
1830’s missionaries began traveling west to convert Native Americans to Christianity
Marcus and Narcissa Whitman were the first to set up a mission in Oregon

17. Section 3: Conflict With Mexico
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Stephen Austin
Battle of the Alamo
Section 3: Conflict With Mexico
What were the causes and effects of the Texas War for Independence and the Mexican-American War?
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18. Texas Wins Independence!
1820 Spanish governor gives Moses Austin land in what is now present-day Texas
Moses dies before he gets there and his son Stephen Austin takes a small group to colonize the territory
Soon after Mexico wins independence from Spain

19. Stephen Austin “Father of Texas”
Mexican government agrees to continue to honor Austin’s claim to the land
Austin agrees that he and his colonists will become Mexican citizens
In doing so he agrees to worship in the Roman Catholic church

20. Growing Conflict 1,000’s of Americans flock to Texas
New settlers are protestant and do not want to become Catholics
Many of the new settlers are slave holders and slavery was not allowed in Mexico
For a while Mexico tolerates the violations of its laws but tensions grow fast

21. Declaring Independence
Tensions grow and Texans want more representation in the Mexican legislature
Tejanos – Texans of Mexican decent
Tejanos had been hoping for a more democratic government in Mexico
Instead they get General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

22. Texans at War
Stephen Austin urges Texans to revolt against the dictator Santa Anna
In 1836 Texans declare independence from Mexico
Republic of Texas is created (They are their own country) “Lone Star Republic”

23. Texans At War Santa Anna laid siege at The Alamo
Siege is an attack in which one force surrounds a city or fort
Defenders at the Alamo- Davy Crocket, Jim Bowie, William B Travis, with several others defended the Alamo for 12 days
They were ill equipped and ended up surrendering

24. Texans At War
After the massacre at the Alamo Sam Houston led a small army in a surprise attack on Santa Anna at San Jacinto
Texans shouted “Remember the Alamo!”
After only 18 minutes Santa Anna was captured and Sam Houston and the Texans were victorious at the Battle of San Jacinto
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25. Republic of Texas Sam Houston became President of Texas
Houston wanted the US to annex (add on) Texas to the US
Problem- Texas was a slave state so the issue of slavery is dividing the nation further
Southerners were for annexation- northerners against
President Andrew Jackson and Marten Van Buren refused to support Annexation

26. Annexing Texas and Oregon
During the Presidential election of 1844 the annexation of Texas became a hot topic
President John Tyler favored annexation
But Tyler was not nominated for a 2nd term
Whigs nominate Henry Clay- he hoped to avoid the issue
James K Polk for the Democrats wanted both Texas and Oregon annexed

27. James K Polk’s Campaign
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28. California Gold Rush
Levi Strauss