1. Chapter 18 – Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy

2. “Old Tippecanoe….. Review – The Election of 1840 Harrison’s Presidency
Whig President
Harrison = Figurehead
Daniel Webster – Sec. of State
Henry Clay – Speaker of House
Dies 4 weeks into 1st term

3. …and Tyler Too” John Tyler – Harrison’s V.P. “His Accidency”
Former Jacksonian Democrat
At odds with every major issue of Whig Party
Anti-bank
Anti-protective tariff
Anti-internal improvements

4. A President Without a Party
Tyler vetoes Clay’s legislation for new BUS
Controversy over tariff bill
Democratic reaction?
Political problems for Tyler?
Expelled from Whig Party
Attempt to impeach
Entire cabinet resigned

5. A War of Words with England
Britain – love / hate relationship
Two recent wars
British aristocracy look down upon American society

7. A War of Words with England
Britain – love / hate relationship
Two recent wars
British aristocracy look down upon American society
Panic of 1837 = Americans default on British loans
Canadian independence movement

8. Yankee Doodle borrows cash Yankee Doodle spends it And then he snaps his fingers at The jolly flat who spend it

9. Canadian Independence?
American support – why?
American Caroline bringing supplies to movement when attacked on Niagara River
Depiction vs. Reality

11. Mo’ Maine Mo’ Problems Border controversy “Aroostook War” (1842)
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
America receives 7,000 of 12,000 sq. miles in question

13. The Lone Star of Texas Shines Alone
Review Texas Revolution
Independent Texas fears future retaking by Mexico
Foreign interest in Texas, especially the British – why?
Debate over American annexation of Texas

14. Pro-Annexation
“The pretense that the annexation has been unrightful and unrighteous is wholly untrue and unjust to ourselves. If Texas became peopled with an American population, it was on the express of Mexico herself. What, then, can be more preposterous than all this clamor by Mexico against annexation as a violation of any rights of hers, any duties of ours?”
– John L. O’Sullivan

15. Anti-Annexation
“They who favor the Mexican War have succeeded in robbing Mexico of her territory. And they are rejoicing over their success under the hypocritical pretense of a regard for peace. Had they not succeeded in robbing Mexico of the most important and most valuable part of her territory, many of those now loudest in their cries of favor for peace would be loudest and wildest for war. We are not the people to rejoice. We ought rather blush and hang our heads for shame.”
– Frederick Douglass

16. Belated Texas Nuptials
Debate over annexation of texas?
Texas = Biggest issue in election of 1844
Democrat = James K. Polk / platform?
Whig = Henry Clay / platform?

18. Belated Texas Nuptials
Polk wins / believes victory = mandate for annexation
1845 – Texas becomes 28th state

19. Oregon Fever Large area of fertile land 4 to nations claim control?
Justifying American claims in Oregon?

21. The Oregon Trail 1840s – Oregon Fever Willamette Valley
Journey / Conditions
Donner Party
Impact = Rapid American movement west

22. Manifest Destiny

23. Manifest Destiny John L. O’Sullivan
Destiny of U.S. to expand democracy and American virtues west
Destined by God
Other reasons why Americans head west in the 19th century?

24. “Away, away with all these cobweb tissues of rights of discovery, exploration, settlement…The American claim is by right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence (divine guidance) has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty”
– John L. O’Sullivan

26. Election of 1844 Whigs = Henry Clay Democrats = James K. Polk Issues
Texas
Oregon
Stance of each candidate?
Winner = Polk
Polk believes victory = mandate for western expansion

28. James K. Polk

29. Polk’s Presidency 4 point-program of Polk Lower tariffs
Restoration of independent treasury
Acquisition of California
Settle Oregon Dispute
“54-40 or Fight”
How is issue resolved?

31. Problems With Mexico Why does American want California?
Problems between US and Mexico?
Border issues in Texas?

33. Problems with Mexico
Polk careful to not move troops into disputed territory
Slidell Mission
Objective?
Result?

34. Polk’s Response Sends General Taylor / troops into disputed territory
Polk – “defending U.S. territory”
Mexico – “invasion of Mexican territory”

36. War Begins
Polk hopes for Mexican reaction to justify war
May 1846 – Mexican forces attack Taylor
“Mexico has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil”

38. Declaration of War With Mexico

39. The Spot Resolutions Abraham Lincoln
Challenge Polk to verify spot where skirmish occurred
“Mr. Polk’s War”

41. War with Mexico War With Mexico Both sides want war Why Mexico?
Why U.S.?
Polk’s scheme with Santa Anna? Result?
War With Mexico

42. The Bear Flag Republic (California )
1845 – “Bear Flag Revolt”
John C. Fremont

45. Battles of the Mexican War
American military strategy?
Stephen Kearny wins at Sante Fe (NM)

47. Battles of the Mexican War
American military strategy?
Stephen Kearny wins at Sante Fe (NM)
Zachary Taylor wins at Buena Vista

49. Battles of the Mexican War
American military strategy?
Stephen Kearny wins at Sante Fe (NM)
Zachary Taylor wins at Buena Vista
Winfield Scott wins at Veracruz, Mexico City

51. Peace with Mexico Nicholas P. Trist - negotiates treaty
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Land gained by US
½ of Mexican land
Rest of Texas
West to Oregon
California
New Mexico / Utah Territory
Cost = $15 million
Debate in Senate?

53. Gadsden Purchase
1853 – U.S. pays Mexico $10 million for land in southern AZ / NM
Why?

55. Profit and Loss in Mexico
American casualties
American land acquisition
American military success / experience
The Mexican War brought about the conflict of slavery between the states. 
David Wilmot- proposed the amendment that stated that the territory from Mexico should remain slave-free.  This Wilmot Amendment never passed the Senate because the Southern members did not want to be robbed of possible slave states to arise in the future from the land gain in the Treaty of Guadalupe.