1. GEO-CAPE Ocean Color STM Measurement Instrument Platform Other Science Questions Approach Requirements Requirements Requirements Needs How do short-term coastal and open ocean processes interact with and influence larger scale physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem dynamics? How are variations in exchanges across the land- ocean interface related to changes within the watershed, and how do such exchanges influence coastal and open ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem dynamics? What is the relationship between ecosystem health and climate change and what is the role of coastal ecosystems in the global carbon cycle? How do airborne-derived fluxes from precipitation, fog and episodic events such as fires, dust storms and volcanoes significantly affect the ecology and biogeo- chemistry of coastal and open ocean ecosystems? How do hazards, pollutants and manipulations of coastal ecosystems impact the hydrography and biology of the coastal zone? How do they affect us, and can we mitigate their effects? 4 3 1 5 Maps to Science Question 2 GEO-CAPE Science Questions are traceable to …. Observables: chlorophyll a, POC, DOC, PIC, Optical Properties, total suspended matter (TSM), phytoplankton biomass, productivity, pigments, and physiological fluorescence responses, and key phytoplankton functional/HAB groups, photooxidation of CDOM and DOC. Related Quantities not currently retrieved from satellites: DIC, terrigenous DOC, other elements, net communit y production of DOC, and other associated trophic responses Hazards: HABs, Oil, Black Carbon, other pollutants. Water-leaving radiances in the near- UV, visilble and NIR for separating absorbing & scattering constituents & estimating chlorophyll fluorescence Hourly scan frequency capability within local solar zenith angle of ±75° Ground sample distance of <400 m Total radiances in UV, NIR, and SWIR for atmospheric corrections Oxygen A-band to resolve aerosol heights Cloud radiances for assessment of stray light Conduct field measurements and modeling to validate GEO-CAPE retrievals from river mouths to beyond the edge of the continental margin. 3 5 12 4 Routine sampling of seasonal and interannual variations in the Observables, Related Quantities and Hazards for estuarine and continental shelf regions with linkages to open-ocean processes at appropriate spatial scales. 3 5 2 Evaluate tidal and diurnal variability of Observables, Related Quantities and Hazards from river mouths to coastal ocean (and lakes). 5 12 4 Targeted, high-frequency, episodic event-based monitoring of the Observables, Related Quantities and Hazards within coastal regions. 5 12 4 3 5 12 4 Integrate GEO-CAPE observations with field measurements, models and other satellite data: 1. To derive coastal carbon budgets and determine whether coastal ecosystems are sources or sinks of carbon to the atmosphere 2. To quantify the responses of coastal ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles to river discharge, land use change, airborne-derived fluxes, hazards and climate change. 3. To estimate fishery yields, extent of oxygen minimum zones, and ecosystem health (including ocean acidification). 12 53 Observe coastal region at sufficient spatial scales to resolve near-shore processes, coastal fronts, eddies, and track carbon pools and pollutants. 5 12 Hi-Res Radiometer 5 nm resolution 340-755 nm  1000 SNR for 10 nm aggregate bands UV & Visible  10-40 nm width atmospheric correction bands at 748, 865, 1245, 1640 nm 0.1% radiometric temporal stability (1 month demonstrated pre-launch) Polarization insensitive (<0.5%) 250m spatial resolution at nadir No saturation in UV to NIR bands Accuracy for pointing and staring (T.B.D.) to permit staring at fixed location to achieve sufficient SNR Compensation for platform jitter to prevent deterioration of obs. Full-disk imaging capability 5 year minimum design life Geostationary orbit to permit hourly observations of coastal waters adjacent to the continental U.S., Central America and South America Storage and download of full spectral and spatial data Monthly lunar calibration at 7° phase angle through Earth observing port Western hemisphere data sets from models, missions, or field observations: Measurement Requirements (1) Ozone (2) Total water vapor (3) Surface wind velocity (4) Surface barometric pressure (5) NO2 concentration (6) Vicarious calibration & validation - coastal (7) Full prelaunch characterization (0.5% accuracy radiometric) Science Requirements (1) SST (2) SSH (3) PAR (4) UV (5) MLD (6) CO2 (7) pH (8) Ocean circulation (9) Tidal & other coastal currents (10) Aerosol & dust deposition (11) run-off loading in coastal zone (12) Wet deposition in coastal zone