1. Formally Amending the Constitution

2. Formal Amendment: Changes the written word of the Constitution

3. Formal Amendment process – Article V A.2 methods for proposal of Constitutional Amendments B.2 methods for ratification of Constitutional Amendments * What does this tell us about what the Framers predicted about the Constitution?

4. 1 st method: -proposed by 2/3 vote in each house of Congress -ratified by ¾ of State Legislatures (today = 38 to pass) * 26/27 Amendments have been done this way.

5. 2 nd method: -Amendment is proposed by Congress and ratified by conventions in ¾ of the states. * 21 st Amendment was done this way.

6. 3 rd method: -2/3 of State Legislatures (today = 34) request that Congress calls a National Convention and an amendment is proposed there. -It is ratified by ¾ of the State Legislatures

7. 4 th method: - proposed by a National Convention and ratified by conventions in ¾ of the states

8. How many amendments have been proposed? -There have been more than 10,000 joint resolutions calling for amendments have been proposed. -Only 33 of those have been sent to the states, and of those, only 27 have been ratified.

9. Bill of Rights – your civil rights -1 st 10 Amendments of the Constitution

10. Alternate Intelligence

11. Think you know everything? 1.Rubber bands last longer when refrigerated.

12. 2. Peanuts are one of the ingredients of dynamite.

13. 3. There are 293 ways to make change for a dollar.

14. 4. The average person's left hand does 56% of the typing.

15. 5. A shark is the only fish that can blink with both eyes.

16. 6. There are more chickens than people in the world.

17. 7. Two-thirds of the world's eggplant is grown in New Jersey.

18. 8. The longest one-syllable word in the English language is "screeched."

19. 9. On a Canadian two-dollar bill, the flag flying over the Parliament building is an American flag.

20. 10. All of the clocks in the movie "Pulp Fiction" are stuck on 4:20.

21. 11. No word in the English language rhymes with month, orange, silver, or purple.

22. 12. "Dreamt" is the only English word that ends in the letters “mt".

23. 13. All 50 states are listed across the top of the Lincoln Memorial on the back of the $5 bill.

24. 14. Almonds are a member of the peach family.

25. 15. Winston Churchill was born in a ladies' room during a dance.

26. 16. Maine is the only state whose name is just one syllable.

27. 17. There are only four words in the English language that end in "dous": tremendous, horrendous, stupendous, and hazardous.

28. 18. Los Angeles' full name is: "El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora la Reina de los Angeles de Porciuncula"

29. 19. A cat has 32 muscles in each ear.

30. 20. An ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain.

31. 21. Tigers have striped skin, not just striped fur.

32. 22. In most advertisements, the time displayed on a watch is 10:10.

33. 23. Al Capone's business card said he was a used furniture dealer.

34. 24. The characters Bert and Ernie on Sesame Street were named after Bert the cop and Ernie the taxi driver in Frank Capra's "It's a Wonderful Life."

35. 25. A dragonfly has a life span of 24 hours.

36. 26. A goldfish has a memory span of three seconds.

37. 27. A dime has 118 ridges around the edge.

38. 28. It's impossible to sneeze with your eyes open.

39. 29. The giant squid has the largest eyes in the world.

40. 30. In England, the Speaker of the House is not allowed to speak.

41. 31. The microwave was invented after a researcher walked by a radar tube and a chocolate bar melted in his pocket.

42. 32. Mr. Rogers was an ordained minister.

43. 33. The average person falls asleep in seven minutes.

44. 34. There are 336 dimples on a regulation golf ball.

45. 35. "Stewardesses" is the longest word that is typed with only the left hand.

46. Informally Amending the Constitution

47. Informal Amendment: a change that is made to the Constitution, but not by changing the written word.

48. Ways to informally change the Constitution 1.Basic Legislation from Congress b. Congress has “defined” the Const. i.e. The Const. gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. What is interstate commerce?

49. Ways to informally change the Constitution Executive Action –Actions taken by the President i.e. only congress has the power to declare war but the President is Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. Presidents have used the arm forces in no less than 200 times without a congressional declaration

50. Ways to informally change the Constitution Court Decisions –The court has the power to decide what the Constitution means

51. Ways to informally change the Constitution Party Policies –The Constitution does not speak of Political Parties –However, many government practices are based on political parties

52. Ways to informally change the Constitution Customs Different customs frame how we do things in the government. i.e. no-third term tradition – started with George Washington However, FDR broke this tradition in 1940 and 1944 result = 22 nd Amendment – 2 terms for President