1. LOGO XML Keyword Search Refinement 郭青松

2. Outline  Introduction  Query Refinement in Traditional IR  XML Keyword Query Refinement  My work

3. Why we need query refinement?  User express their query intention by keywords, but their don’t know how to formulate good query  Lack of experience  Too many expression forms  Unfamiliar with the system  Have no idea about the data  „Query Refinement  Refine the query and get good results

4. What is Query Refinement?  Query expansion(query reformulation)  Given an ill-formed query from the user, we refine the query and help the user to better retrieve documents.  The goal is to improve precision and/or recall.  Example:  “cars”  “car”, “automobile”, “auto”

5. XML Search  Tag + Keyword search  book: xml  Path Expression + Keyword search (CAS Queries)  /book[./title about “xml db”]  Structure query  XPath, XQuery  Keyword search (CO Queries)  “xml”

6. XML Keywords Search VS IR  IR  Flat HTML pages  Whole page returned  XML  Model(tree 、 graph)  Structural(semi-structural)  Semantic-based query(LCA, SLCA…)  Information fragment returned

7. Need of XML Keyword Query Refinement  Hard to know the XML content  Especially big xml document  Information fragments(LCA\SLCA)  Easily affect the results(Precision )  Huge difference of query results  IR style refinement methods is not suitable for xml  Only content be considered  Need structure information to form a good query

8. Outline  Introduction  Query Refinement in Traditional IR  XML Keyword Query Refinement  My work

9. Tasks  Spelling Correction  Word Splitting/Word Merging  Phrase Segmentation  Word Stemming  Acronym Expansion  Add/Delete Terms  Substitution

10. Classes of Query Refinement  Relevance feedback  Users mark documents(relevant, nonrelevant)  Reweight the terms in the query  Automatic query Refinement  System analysis the relevance of documents and query, give refined query automatically  Global analysis  Local analysis

11. Relevance Feedback  Began in the 1960s  Improvement in recall and precision  Basic process as follows 1.The user issues their initial query 2.The system returns an initial result set. 3.The user then marks some returned documents as relevant or nonrelevant. 4.The system then re-weights the terms and refine the query results

12. Relevance Feedback Models  Boolean.  Terms appear in document: relevance  Vector Space.  q=(t 1, t 2,…, t n ) d=(w 1, w 2,…, w n )  Probabilistic.  Relevance of a query and documents evaluate as probability  Probabilistic ranking principle

13. Rocchio algorithm for vector-space model  q m :refined query vector  q 0 : the original query vector  D r : relevant documents, D nr : nonrelevant documents  α, β, γ: weights attached to each term Average relevant- document vector Average non-relevant document vector

14. Global analysis(1)  Using all documents to compute the similarity of query q and terms in the documents  Similarity Thesaurus based

15. Global analysis(2) Select r terms with highest sim value and adding into initial query, reformulate the new query Similarity of terms Query vector Similarity of query and terms

16. Local analysis  Local analysis: Using initial query results(especially documents front,local documents) to refine the query  Local clustering  Clustering the term of local documents  Query refined with the relevant cluster  Similarity of terms in query and terms in documents  Local context analysis(LCA)  Get the most similar term in local documents with the query q to expanse  Similarity of q and terms in documents Company name www.themegallery.com

17. Outline  Introduction  Query Refinement in Traditional IR  XML Keyword Query Refinement  My work

18. XML Refinement Manner(1)  Query refined form  Keywords query  New Keywords Query Treat as traditional IR problem IR with XML Keyword search Semantics  Keywords  Structural Query  User participant  Manually(User Interactive ) Structural Feedback  Automatic Company name www.themegallery.com

19. XML Refinement Manner (2)  Manually Refined to new Keywords Query  IR(consider the structure of xml)  Manually Transform to Structural Query  Relevance Feedback  Automatic Refined to new Keywords Query  Lu jiaheng:  Automatic Transform to Structural Query  NLP

20. Automatic Refined to new Keywords Query(1)  Query  Refined Query  Rule based  Operation  Term merging:  Term splitting:  Term substitution:  Term deletion Original queryRefined query IR,2003,MikeInformation Retrieval,2003,Mike Mike, publicationMike, publications Database, paperDatabase, in-proceedings XML, John,2003XML, John machin, learnmachine, learning Hobby, news, paperHobby, newspaper On, line, data, baseOnline, database

21. Automatic Refined to new Keywords Query(2)  Ranking Refined query candidates set S(RQ)  Refinement cost  Cost: the step of “op” from “Q” to “RQ”  Dynamic programming  Efficient Refinement Algorithms  Avoid the multiple scan invert list  stack-based,stack-based, short-list-eager approach  RQ candidates have the same refinement cost  Q={XML, Jim, 2001}  {XML, 2001}, {Jim, 2001} or {XML, Jim}

22. NLPX  Natural Language Query (NLQ)  NEXI  NEXI(Narrowed Extended XPath I)  //A[about(//B,C)]  A: path expression,  B :relative path expression to A  C is the content requirement.  ‘about’ clause represents an individual information request.

23. NLPX—Lexical and Semantic Tagging  structural words: content requirements  boundary words: Path expression  instruction words  R :return request, S :support request. Find sections about compression in articles about information retrieval Tagged: Find/XIN sections/XST about/XBD compression/NN in/IN articles/XST about/XBD information/NN retrieval/NN

24. NLPX—Template Matching  most queries correspond to a small set of patterns  formulate grammar templates with patterns Query: Request+ Request : CO_Request | CAS_Request CO_Request: NounPhrase+ CAS_Request: SupportRequest | ReturnRequest SupportRequest: Structure [Bound] NounPhrase+ ReturnRequest: Instruction Structure [Bound] NounPhrase+ Grammar Templates Request 1 Request 2 Structural: /article/sec /articlec Content: compression information retrieval Instruction: R S Information Requests

25. NLPX—NEXI Query Production  merge the information request into NEXI query.  A[about(.,C)]  A :the request structural attribute and  C : the request content attribute. //article[about(.,information retrieval)]//sec[about (.,compression)]

26. Query generation process  Create target component  Break up the query into units  Generate initial target  combinations of input target components  Generate queries  modifying a target component  combing two components

27. Initialization  Breaks up the input query into terms  Structure( XML tags or attributes)  Content term(refer to text)  Create component  Structure term  unbound target  Content term  binding to a bound target  Probability enumeration

28. Target component and target sets {//author[~’jennifer widom’]} 0.6842 {//editor[~’jennifer widom’]} 0.3150 {//title[~’jennifer widom’]} 0.0004 {//article} 0.5000 {//inproceedings} 0.5000 Jennifer widom papers {//article} {//author[ ∼ ‘jennifer widom’]} 0.3421 {//inproceedings} {//author[ ∼ ‘jennifer widom’]} 0.3421 {//inproceedings} {//editor[ ∼ ‘jennifer widom’]} 0.1577 {//article} {//editor[ ∼ ‘jennifer widom’]} 0.1577 {//inproceedings} {//title[ ∼ ‘jennifer widom’]} 0.0002 {//article} {//title[ ∼ ‘jennifer widom’]} 0.0002 Query: Papers by jennifer widom

29. Transformation Operators(1)  Aggregation: merge targets with same tag  {//a}, {//a[~’x’]}  {//a[~’x’]}  {//a[~’x’]}, {//a[~’y’]}  {//a[~’x y’]}  Prefix expansion: add an ancestor condition  {//b}  {//a//b}  {//b[~’x’]}  {//a//b[~’x’]}  Ordering: combine targets  {//a}, {//b}  {//a//b} or {//a[//b]}  {//a}, {//b[~’x’]}  {//a//b[~’x’]} or {//a[//b[~’x’]]}

30. Conclusion  Two stronger assumption  Keyword query non-ambiguity  Availability of XML thesaurus  Accuracy:  terms classification didn’t consider specific XML context  Time costly:  Term classification  Targets create scan the XML documents

31. Outline  Introduction  Query Refinement in Traditional IR  XML Keyword Query Refinement  My work

32. LOGO www.themegallery.com