2. Headlines Natural disasters & Japan earthquake by Rand Al-Subu Haiti earthquake by Hanin Sawalha Wars by Bisan Abu Salah Gaza war by Marwa isma’el

4. Definition Changes which are so great they may cause damage to the shape of land or to the lives people and other living things

5. Types 1.Hurricane 2.Flood 3.Earthquake. 4.Landslide. 5.Tsunami 6.Volcano

6. Public Health Priorities Reduce and prevent further deaths, injuries, and illnesses Determine and meet critical needs for water and sanitation, healthcare, and food Verify the status of healthcare facilities and assist in standing up healthcare services Assess and address emergency maternal and infant health needs Provide health education to help people protect their own health and safety Conduct disease and injury surveillance in displaced and non- displaced populations

7. Earthquakes -without warning at any time of the year and at any time of the day or night. -Smaller earthquakes often follow the main shock - 70 to 75 damaging earthquakes occur throughout the world each year

8. Japan earthquake and tsunami

9. -A 9.0 magnitude earthquake Followed by tsunami followed by rain and snow,, -Based on official Japanese government figures, 3 573 people are confirmed dead, 1 990 injured with more than 7 558 missing. There are 23 300 people stranded. 43 9335 people have been evacuated and rescue operations are ongoing.

10. Ten nuclear reactor units automatically shut down after the earthquake in three separate nuclear power plants, Onagawa, Fukushima Daiichi and Fukushima Daini.

11. Damage to the Fukushima nuclear power plant following the earthquake and tsunami has resulted in an ongoing leak of radiation from this facility. The Japanese government has evacuated hundreds of thousands of residents of Fukushima Prefecture living within 20 km (12 miles) of the nuclear power plant. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission recommends that all Americans evacuate to a distance of 80 km (50 miles). Radiation

12. At this time, the risk of exposure to radiation and the risk of contamination from radioactive materials are believed to be low, especially for anyone outside a 50-mile radius of the nuclear power plant. Humanitarian aid workers traveling to Japan should follow guidance from appropriate authorities to ensure their safety. Aid workers who believe they have been exposed to radiation should seek immediate medical care

13. There was little effect of the dead bodies on spreading of dse just because of the snow that cover bodies. -little dse like hepatitis B and A due to communication with dead bodies So the dse which spread are mostly related to the cold weather.

14. Dse Diarrhoeal diseases hepatitis B and A Acute respiratory infections

15. Vaccinations Your provider should ensure that you are up-to- date on routine vaccines, especially tetanus you should also receive a hepatitis B vaccination series. Northern Japan has long winters, and insectborne diseases are not believed to be a problem while the weather stays cold.

16. workers who plan to be in Japan during the summer should consider vaccination against Japanese encephalitis.

17. Food and Water Precautions Although travelers’ diarrhea is generally considered to be a low risk in Japan, disruptions caused by the tsunami could have contaminated water sources. You should follow basic food and water precautions in affected areas: 1-drink only bottled beverages, 2- eat only food that is cooked and served hot, and eat raw fruits and vegetables only if you have washed and peeled them yourself. 3-You should also bring an antibiotic for presumptive self-treatment of diarrhea.

18. Seeking Care Abroad and Evacuation Planning Health care resources in affected areas may be nonexistent or may be strained treating patients injured in the earthquake or tsunami.

19. Your insurance may not cover care you receive overseas, so check with your insurance company and, if necessary, consider purchasing supplemental travel health insurance. Because of the continued risk of earthquakes and tsunamis and the possibility that the radiation situation may become more severe, evacuation may be necessary, and you may also consider purchasing evacuation insurance.