1. Bacteria & Viruses Biology Objective 4.03
Assess, describe, & explain adaptations affecting survival & reproductive success in disease-causing viruses & microorganisms.
Biology

2. 2 Bacteria Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Harsh environment
High temperatures
High salinity
Acidic
Eubacteria
Everywhere else

3. General Structure of Bacteria
 Prokaryotic
No nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Lots of ribosomes
Thick cell wall
Circular chromosomes (DNA)
Reproduce by binary fission
Asexual reproduction
Makes an exact copy

4. Binary Fission

5. Bacteria…Good, Bad or Both?
Bacteria is good!
food (yogurt)
medicines (insulin)
recycles nutrients
decompose
nitrogen fixation
Bacteria is bad!
Decay/rot food
Rot teeth
Cause disease/
infections
(strep throat)
Antibiotics are used to clear up bacterial infections.

6. Viruses
Considered to be nonliving because it cannot reproduce on its own
General Structure
Protein coat on the outside
Nucleic acid on the inside (DNA or RNA)

7. Examples of Viruses Influenza- the flu HIV- AIDS
Varicella- chicken pox & shingles
Polio virus- polio
Rubella or measles- measles
Rhinovirus- cold

8. Reproductive Cycles Lytic Cycle Virus DNA enters the host cell
Hijacks host to make DNA and protein
Puts virus together
Cell bursts and releases virus
Virus is active: OUTBREAK!

9. Reproductive Cycles Lysogenic Cycle Very similar to lytic cycle
Virus DNA is integrated into host cell
Cell eventually ruptures with new virus after several generations
Virus is dormant: HIDDEN!

10. Our Immune System
Responsible for protecting the body from disease

11. Lines of Defense 1st line: skin 2nd line: cells release chemicals
Acts as a barrier
2nd line: cells release chemicals
blood flow to invaded region increases
white blood cells attack the invaders.
3rd line: Involves attacking pathogens
macrophages
B cells
T cells

13. Types of Immunity Active Immunity Exposed to disease
Develop disease and become immune
Longer lasting
Passive Immunity
Injected with antibody that another organism made
Not permanent
Vaccinations are given to induce artificial immunity