1. DA BOMB TEST REVIEW

2. Enlightenment Thinkers LOCKE – “natural rights” (life, liberty & property) LOCKE – “natural rights” (life, liberty & property) MONTESQUIEU – the power to govern should be divided MONTESQUIEU – the power to govern should be divided ROUSSEAU – Social Contract & govt. by the consent of the governed ROUSSEAU – Social Contract & govt. by the consent of the governed

3. Mercantilism / Salutary Neglect Colonies exist to provide raw materials & new markets for the home country. Colonies exist to provide raw materials & new markets for the home country. Britain practiced a “healthy ignoring” of the colonies as long as mercantilism continued. Britain practiced a “healthy ignoring” of the colonies as long as mercantilism continued.

4. Articles of Confederation First govt. in the US First govt. in the US Was weak and ineffective Was weak and ineffective Too much power to states & not enough to federal govt. Too much power to states & not enough to federal govt. Founders were afraid of tyrannical rule! Founders were afraid of tyrannical rule!

5. Constitutional Compromises Great Compromise – created a House & a Senate Great Compromise – created a House & a Senate 3/5 Compromise – Every 5 slaves count as 3 for representation purposes 3/5 Compromise – Every 5 slaves count as 3 for representation purposes

6. Federalism Division of power between the state and federal govt. Division of power between the state and federal govt. Ex. Federal Govt. – declare war Ex. Federal Govt. – declare war State Govt. – licensing laws State Govt. – licensing laws

7. Elastic Clause Allows Congress to make laws “necessary & proper” to meet changing conditions Allows Congress to make laws “necessary & proper” to meet changing conditions Ex. Hate Crime Ex. Hate Crime

8. Washington/Cabinet/Farewell Address Est. the first Cabinet Est. the first Cabinet Put down the Whisky Rebellion Put down the Whisky Rebellion Proclaimed neutrality Proclaimed neutrality Warned the nation against: Warned the nation against: –Foreign alliances –Political parties

9. Judicial Review Power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional Power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional Established with the court case Marbury v. Madison Established with the court case Marbury v. Madison

10. Jefferson / Interpretation & Louisiana Purchase Strict (by the book) interpretation of the Constitution Strict (by the book) interpretation of the Constitution Went against this belief to purchase the Louisiana Territory (from France / $15 million) Went against this belief to purchase the Louisiana Territory (from France / $15 million)

11. Andrew Jackson / Indian Removal / Spoils System Moved Cherokee west of the Mississippi (Indian Removal) Moved Cherokee west of the Mississippi (Indian Removal) Gave jobs to loyal supporters (spoils) Gave jobs to loyal supporters (spoils) Used veto power Used veto power Vetoed the national bank Vetoed the national bank

12. Civil War Amendments 13 th – abolished slavery 13 th – abolished slavery 14 th – citizenship and equal protection under the law 14 th – citizenship and equal protection under the law 15 th – black males right to vote 15 th – black males right to vote

13. Disappearance of Frontier (Homestead & Dawes Act) Manifest Destiny pushed people west Manifest Destiny pushed people west Homestead Act – 160 acres of free land given to those willing to settle for 5 years. Homestead Act – 160 acres of free land given to those willing to settle for 5 years. Dawes Act – aimed at “Americanizing” the Native Americans Dawes Act – aimed at “Americanizing” the Native Americans

14. Reform Movements Temperance – push to ban alcohol Temperance – push to ban alcohol Abolition – movement to end slavery Abolition – movement to end slavery Dorothea Dix – care of mentally ill Dorothea Dix – care of mentally ill Horace Mann – tax supported schools Horace Mann – tax supported schools Seneca Falls – women’s rights movement begins Seneca Falls – women’s rights movement begins

15. Populist Movement Started by farmers to limit the powers of big business Started by farmers to limit the powers of big business 3 rd parties become a powerful force in politics 3 rd parties become a powerful force in politics 16 th amend – graduated income tax 16 th amend – graduated income tax 17 th amend – direct election of US Senators 17 th amend – direct election of US Senators

16. Muckrakers in the Progressive Movement 20 th Century American journalists who tried to improve society. They exposed: 20 th Century American journalists who tried to improve society. They exposed: –Health Hazards –Social Problems –Political Corruption

17. Social Darwinism (Carnegie & Rockefeller) Survival of the Fittest in Business Survival of the Fittest in Business Believed in laissez- faire economics Believed in laissez- faire economics Built powerful monopolies & trusts Built powerful monopolies & trusts Wiped out competition Wiped out competition

18. Imperialism Expanding a nations power by acquiring territories. Expanding a nations power by acquiring territories. Expansion of the Monroe Doctrine (Roosevelt Corollary) Expansion of the Monroe Doctrine (Roosevelt Corollary) Spanish American war caused by: Spanish American war caused by: –Yellow journalism –DeLome Letter –Sinking of Maine

19. Harlem Renaissance Cultural movement of the 1920’s Cultural movement of the 1920’s Led by African American writers, musicians & poets Led by African American writers, musicians & poets Led to the Jazz Age Led to the Jazz Age

20. New Deal Programs started by FDR to end the Great Depression. Programs started by FDR to end the Great Depression. Relief, Reform & Recovery Relief, Reform & Recovery FDR tries to “pack the court” to get support for his programs FDR tries to “pack the court” to get support for his programs Govt. now had a responsibility to protect the general welfare Govt. now had a responsibility to protect the general welfare

21. Lend Lease Act / Mobilization US would sell or lend war materials to any country whose defense was vital to the US US would sell or lend war materials to any country whose defense was vital to the US US prepared for war in the meantime US prepared for war in the meantime

22. Containment / Detente After WWII, US tried to stop the spread of communism. After WWII, US tried to stop the spread of communism. Domino Theory – if one country falls to communism, they all will fall. Domino Theory – if one country falls to communism, they all will fall. Détente – reduction in Cold War tensions Détente – reduction in Cold War tensions

23. Gulf of Tonkin / War Powers Act Gave the President all powers necessary to prevent future aggression in Vietnam (the blank check!). Gave the President all powers necessary to prevent future aggression in Vietnam (the blank check!). War Powers Act reversed this decision War Powers Act reversed this decision

24. Impeachment An accusation of wrong doing against the President or high federal official. An accusation of wrong doing against the President or high federal official. Does NOT mean to be removed from office!!!! Does NOT mean to be removed from office!!!! House – accuses House – accuses Senate – acts as a jury Senate – acts as a jury

25. Global Interdependence The US and nations of the world are interconnected. The US and nations of the world are interconnected. A ripple effect is felt throughout the world during times of economic crisis or prosperity (ex. Great Depression) A ripple effect is felt throughout the world during times of economic crisis or prosperity (ex. Great Depression)

26. Title IV, 19 th Amendment Title IV – gave female athletes the same financial support as males Title IV – gave female athletes the same financial support as males 19 th amend – women’s right to vote (women’s suffrage) 19 th amend – women’s right to vote (women’s suffrage)

27. Limits on First Amendment Freedoms Through amendments & laws, the federal govt. has limited our freedoms: Through amendments & laws, the federal govt. has limited our freedoms: –Schenck v. US –Suspended habeas corpus in times of war