1. Power System Simulator Demands for Multiple Control Center Training Mikhail Nesterenko IEEE WGOT Workshop Orlando, FLDecember 6-7, 2011

2. Motivation and Requirements complex interconnected power systems require management of multiple teams of operators in day-to-day and emergency conditions – adequate training is essential – potential training session types cooperation joint system management under non-emergency conditions emergency response competition simulation requirements – high fidelity is essential: instructor may be remote  cannot help trainee deal with simulation deficiencies and limitations – need to provide networked training – support variety of industry SCADAs

3. Outline Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges

4. Monitor Electric Introduction founded in 2003, core team together since early 90-ies HQ in Pyatigorsk, Russian Federation (RF) 130+ employees target market: information systems for control centers in electric power industry lines of business: software development, sales and 24/7 support products: – SCADA/EMS product line CK-2003, CK-2007, CK-11 installed in all RF System Operator control centers (CDO, IDO, RDO), all RF nuclear plants, Federal Grid Company offices and some individual utilities in RF and abroad – operator training simulator Finist – electronic logbook, the standard for operational record keeping in RF power companies – online event and bids recording and clearance software for an electric power management system

5. FINIST advanced operator training simulator power system model – models transitional and long-term system dynamics (200 ms down to 14 ms integration steps) – continuously computes dynamics and loadflow on basis of it – no theoretical limitations on size, computed 40,000 bus system in real-time – sophisticated tools for adapting the model for specific power system – CIM/GID from the ground up training – role-based, with dedicated role workplaces – multi-control center support – sophisticated scenario development and execution functionality – ease of integration with industry SCADA/EMS – its own GUI – model navigation processor installations: 60 control centers in RF System Operator, United Dispatch Agency of Belarus, pilot in the US

6. users in interact with Finist in roles; for each role Finist offers a workplace – a set of conveniently arranged tools; during training session Finist can play back pre-configured scenarios of faults or other external events Finist Roles & Workspaces trainee – operator workplace presents standard tools for operator to control the system, used for backup of SCADA interface instructor – conducts training, provides responses of peer operators; workplace allows to start/stop/speedup simulation, launch scenarios, introduce disturbances, etc. examiner – evaluates training; workplace automates evaluation, maintains log, shows and plots “ground truth” system parameters, accumulates aggregate statistics about trainee’s performance technologist - configures and debugs technological parameters of a training session; catalogues scenarios and scenario components for quick access and reuse; contains two main components: scenario editor - configures and debugs a training scenario initial case editor – designs and troubleshoots starting case, presents the power system as hyper-linked set of objects training time roles and workplaces configuration workplaces 6

7. power system model CIM server side FINIST clients Finist server computation engine Technologist’s Workplace Instructor’s Workplace Examiner’s Workplace Trainee’s Workplace SCADA/EMS simulation time module scenario playback module HSDA module external control center representation and communication module GES module GDA server protection relay and other equipment simulation modules GID-compliant application training session configuration package scenario XML external clients processing modulesinterface modules client side GDA IEC 870.5.104 IPC, OPC rtdbcon HDSA GES GDA system state instantiation XML training session clients configuration clients Finist Agent FINIST Architecture 7 scenario editor initial case editor

8. Finist Multi-Site Training Setup examiner instructor Finist server SCADA/EMS trainees SCADA/EMS site A site C site B phone communication HSDA/GES OPC IPC IEC 870-5-104 8

9. Outline Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges

10. Demo Power System: Finist Energy Finist Energy (FE) 3525 MW generation, ~4500 MW load 7 power plants (nuclear, hydro, coal, gas) 54 substations (138, 230, 500 kV) 5 regions: Center, East, North, South, West 5 flowgates synchronous condensers, shunt reactors and capacitors, SVC, phase-shifters neighbors Interconnection: 90 GW gen. 79+ GW load Balancing Areas 1.3.5 GW generation, 3.2 GW load 2.3.2 GW generation, 3.2 GW load 3.4 GW generation, 3.1 GW load 500 kV 230 kV 500 kV Balancing Area-2 230 kV Finist Energy Balancing Area-1 Interconnection 500 kV Balancing Area-3

11. Finist Energy Overview Diagram energized line de-energized line substation 500 kV nuclear powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 230 kV thermal, hydro powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 138 kV thermal powerplant 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency  82 active power flow  48 reactive power flow neighbor area  137 flowgate

12. Finist Energy Overview Diagram energized line de-energized line substation 500 kV nuclear powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 230 kV thermal, hydro powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 138 kV thermal powerplant 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency  82 active power flow  48 reactive power flow neighbor area  137 flowgate North West East South Center FE Regions

13. Finist Energy Overview Diagram energized line de-energized line substation 500 kV nuclear powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 230 kV thermal, hydro powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 138 kV thermal powerplant 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency  82 active power flow  48 reactive power flow neighbor area  137 flowgate Neighboring Areas

14. Finist Energy Overview Diagram energized line de-energized line substation 500 kV nuclear powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 230 kV thermal, hydro powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 138 kV thermal powerplant 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency  82 active power flow  48 reactive power flow neighbor area  137 flowgate Powerplants

15. Outline Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges

16. simulation time increment incoming event processing system model parameter adjustment topology change? conversion to bus-branch form yes no to next time period external events from other modules model state publication model state info to other modules island processing thread transitional dynamics powerflow calculation differential equation integration long-term dynamics powerflow calculation differential equation integration Transitional Process Modeling transitional dynamics – models rotation of each generator rotor with separate system of differential and linear equations – allows greater fidelity in simulating critical events: islanding, topology changes, emergency system states – requires significant computational resources and time, traditionally not modeled long-term dynamics – assumes all rotors in same island rotate with the same speed, rotor acceleration is averaged across island – may lead to lack of powerflow convergence, incorrect system behavior – faster, simpler to simulate

17. energized line de-energized line substation 500 kV nuclear powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 230 kV thermal, hydro powerplant energized line de-energized line substation 138 kV thermal powerplant 238.8 voltage 59.987 frequency  82 active power flow  48 reactive power flow neighbor area  137 flowgate contains two lines – Interconnection-Tidd 500 kV line – Delaware-Crook 230 kV line connects East, South, BA-2 and BA-3 to rest of the system reliability constraint: 750 MW in either direction Flowgate 2

18. Example Contingency loss of 500 MW generation unit at BA-3 overloads Flowgate 2: ~750 MW flows East breaker CB-10 at substation Tidd is under scheduled maintenance potential transformer at 500 kV Bus 1 at Tidd explodes bus protection system de-energizes Bus 1, opens connected breakers: – tripping Interconnection-Tidd 500 kV line – leaving Flowgate 2 with only Delaware-Crook 230 kV line critical contingency: lack of state stability, rest depends on simulation method: 1.long-term dynamics only: forces powerflow computation convergence, leads to unrealistic single-island state with large voltage drop across Delaware-Crook 230 kV line 2.transitional processes, no out-of-step protection: all generators in East area trip out due to loss of synchronism 3.transitional processes, protection engaged (realistic): out-of-step relay executes at Delaware-Crook, line trips out, splitting system into two islands: main and East (with over 1000 MW deficit)

19. 1. Long Term Dynamics Only 3180 A after Interconnection-Tidd 500 kV line trips power flow across remaining Delaware-Crook 230 kV line goes from ~12 MW to over 843 MW (unrealistic) system remains connected, no generator trips, no swings, no outages generator trips at BA-3 Interconnection -Tidd trips active powerflow across Delaware-Crook, MW

20. 2. Transitional Processes, No Relays 500 kV line trip causes out-of-step operation, critical current swings across Delaware-Crook 230 kV line, all East region generators eventually trip, system remains connected generator trips at BA-3 Interconnection -Tidd trips active powerflow across Delaware-Crook, MW

21. 3. Transitional Processes, Relay Engaged 500 KV line trip leads to out-of-step relay at Delaware-Crook 230 kV line detects out-of-step operation and trips the line system splits into two islands generator trips at BA-3 Interconnection -Tidd trips active powerflow across Delaware-Crook, MW relay islands East

22. Outline Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges

23. Wi-Fi Demo Multi-Control Center Configuration Finist server instructor FE Simulation Support Computing Center FE South Regional Control Center trainee third party SCADA FINIST Operator’s Workplace (emulating remote SCADA) Laptop 3 Laptop 1 Laptop 2 FE Central Dispatch HSDA/GES/GDA file exchange responsibilities maintains area interchange, frequency regulation coordinates powerflow across 500 kV lines, implements switching on 500 kV substations and powerplants contingency analysis, reliability maintenance responsibilities maintains voltage and reactive powerflows in the region does operational switching on 138, 230 kV lines, substations, powerplants

24. Example Training Session: East Split after outage Finist Energy split into two islands: main and East (with ~1200 MW deficit) Regional Control Center operator’s actions: orders New Tech Plant and Philo Plant to emergency generation pickup at 110% capacity sheds 50 MW load at Torrey substation resynchronizes with main island by closing Delaware-Crook line breaker at Crook eliminates low voltages by switching on banks capacitors FE Central Dispatch operator’s actions: requests 200 MW generation pickup at BA-3 requests 200 MW load shedding at BA-2 assigns load frequency regulation at East island to BA-2

25. Outline Monitor Electric, Finist introduction demo power system: Finist Energy transitional process modeling multi-control center training setup and operation lessons and challenges

26. Multi-Center Training: Lessons and Challenges advantages compared to single site – significantly greater realism of operator’s work environment: no visual feedback – only SCADA/EMS and phone communication – distributed training sessions are not as disruptive to operator work schedule distributed training session preparation – instructors from multiple sites need to participate in initial case and scenario preparation and troubleshooting instructor cannot keep up with controlling and evaluating multiple trainees operating at once – split roles: instructor/examiner – automate examiner’s functions: separate workplace – examiner at every site to engage lower level operators (substations, powerplants) – need to incorporate switching simulator data model too complex for instructor – hard to understand: two many levels for dispatcher at any level to be familiar with – need to hide complexity – hard to control: upper levels rely on lower-level human operators for details – need to replace with sophisticated scenarios need to balance system realism with usability – realistic power plant pickup takes hours; – acceleration throws protection systems and generator controls off track major goal: maximum effectiveness of operator training Thank you Any questions?