1. All About Deafness Holland High School Deaf Education 2008

2. Parts of the Ear

3. Outer Ear Outer Ear The Outer Ear is the part of the ear that you see. The Outer Ear is the part of the ear that you see. This part of the ear is shaped round so it can send sound to Middle Ear. This part of the ear is shaped round so it can send sound to Middle Ear. Without the Outer Ear shape-round, we wouldn’t hear as well (the sound could become faint). Without the Outer Ear shape-round, we wouldn’t hear as well (the sound could become faint). The Outer Ear sends sound to the Middle Ear. The Outer Ear sends sound to the Middle Ear.

4. Middle Ear Middle Ear Inside the Middle Ear are 3 little bones called the Hammer, the Anvil, and the Stirrup. Inside the Middle Ear are 3 little bones called the Hammer, the Anvil, and the Stirrup. The 3 bones are connected to the Ear Drum. The 3 bones are connected to the Ear Drum. When sound waves come into your Middle Ear, it causes the Ear Drum to vibrate like a drum. When sound waves come into your Middle Ear, it causes the Ear Drum to vibrate like a drum. These vibrations can make the 3 little bones move as well. These vibrations can make the 3 little bones move as well.

5. Inner Ear Inner Ear The Inner Ear (Cochlea) has 3 parts. The Inner Ear (Cochlea) has 3 parts. In the Center of Ear called Vestube. In the Center of Ear called Vestube. Inside Vestube there are little hairs and liquid. Inside Vestube there are little hairs and liquid. When the ear drum starts to vibrate, the liquid moves and the hair moves to make the message send to the brain through the auditory nerve. When the ear drum starts to vibrate, the liquid moves and the hair moves to make the message send to the brain through the auditory nerve.

6. Audiograms & Your Hearing

7. Understanding your Audiogram Audiograms inform you of your level of hearing based on a test of various sound frequencies given by an audiologist (hearing doctor). Audiograms inform you of your level of hearing based on a test of various sound frequencies given by an audiologist (hearing doctor). Your hearing is based on decibels (dB) at each frequency or (Hz-hertz). Your hearing is based on decibels (dB) at each frequency or (Hz-hertz). To test your hearing - click the link below. http://phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/hearing.html

8. Near total silence - 0 dB Near total silence - 0 dB A whisper - 15 dB A whisper - 15 dB Normal conversation - 60 dB Normal conversation - 60 dB A lawnmower - 90 dB A lawnmower - 90 dB A car horn - 110 dB A car horn - 110 dB A rock concert or a jet engine - 120 dB A rock concert or a jet engine - 120 dB A gunshot or firecracker – 140 dB A gunshot or firecracker – 140 dB Above is the decibels or dB of sound for each area of hearing. The yellow banana shaped figure represents all the sounds that make up the human voice when speaking at normal conversational levels.

9. RANGES OF HEARING LOSS The audiogram shows the ranges of hearing loss for adults. The ranges that are listed are fairly standard across the United States although some variations do exist. -10dB to 25dB = Normal range (Grey) -10dB to 25dB = Normal range (Grey) 26dB to 40 dB = Mild hearing loss (purple) 26dB to 40 dB = Mild hearing loss (purple) 41 dB to 55 dB = Moderate hearing loss (red) 41 dB to 55 dB = Moderate hearing loss (red) 56 dB to 70 dB = Moderately Severe hearing loss (green) 56 dB to 70 dB = Moderately Severe hearing loss (green) 71 dB to 90 dB = Severe hearing loss (yellow) 71 dB to 90 dB = Severe hearing loss (yellow) over 90 dB = Profound hearing loss. (blue) over 90 dB = Profound hearing loss. (blue)

10. Causes of Deafness

11. Pre-Natal Pre-natal means before birth The most common pregnancy-related cause of Deafness was “Prematurity” Prematurity means that the babies were born too early. Prematurity means that the babies were born too early. – Sometimes, the parts of the body were not developed completely – It can cause hearing loss because the ears were not developed completely

12. The second most common pregnancy-related cause of Deafness is “Other Pregnancy Complications.” This is the second most common pregnancy related cause of deafness This is the second most common pregnancy related cause of deafness The children could become deaf if the pregnant women have any types of symptoms The children could become deaf if the pregnant women have any types of symptoms

13. The third most common pregnancy-related causes is “Cytomegalovirus” Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a any of a group of herpes viruses that attack and enlarge epithelial cells. Such viruses also cause a disease of infants characterized by circulatory dysfunction and microcephaly Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a any of a group of herpes viruses that attack and enlarge epithelial cells. Such viruses also cause a disease of infants characterized by circulatory dysfunction and microcephaly If pregnant women have CMV then, it could effect the children If pregnant women have CMV then, it could effect the children If the children receive CMV then, it could cause children mental and physical problems If the children receive CMV then, it could cause children mental and physical problems It can cause hearing loss It can cause hearing loss

14. The next most common disease to cause Deafness is “Maternal Rubella” Maternal Rubella is German Measles in a pregnant woman that may cause developmental abnormalities in the fetus when occurring during the first trimester Maternal Rubella is German Measles in a pregnant woman that may cause developmental abnormalities in the fetus when occurring during the first trimester About 20% of Deaf people are deaf because of Maternal Rubella About 20% of Deaf people are deaf because of Maternal Rubella It causes the cochlea to be damage really bad. It causes the cochlea to be damage really bad.

15. Post-Natal Post-natal means after birth The most common post-natal cause of Deafness was Otitis Media Otitis Media or “Glue Ear” is a kind of ear infection that can causes hearing loss Otitis Media or “Glue Ear” is a kind of ear infection that can causes hearing loss People who have this if the fluid is filling your ear tube too much and can causes continuous ear infections. People who have this if the fluid is filling your ear tube too much and can causes continuous ear infections.

16. The second most common post-natal cause of Deafness is “Meningitis.” Meningitis can easily kill the children who were born Meningitis can easily kill the children who were born Meningitis is an infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) usually caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea Meningitis is an infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) usually caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea

17. The most common genetic cause of Deafness is “Genetic or Syndromic Causes” About 22% of people who became deaf was because of genetic causes. About 22% of people who became deaf was because of genetic causes. The most common of these was Down Syndrome The most common of these was Down Syndrome

18. The second most common Genetic cause for Deafness is “CHARGE Syndrome” People could have a hearing loss is because their genes were not formed properly People could have a hearing loss is because their genes were not formed properly It could cause 4 major conditions and 7 minor conditions. It could cause 4 major conditions and 7 minor conditions.

19. The third most common cause of Deafness is “Warrensburg Syndrome” It a kind of disease that can causes unique Physical features It a kind of disease that can causes unique Physical features Sometimes, the person who has disease has different colors of hair and sometimes, their eye color does not match Sometimes, the person who has disease has different colors of hair and sometimes, their eye color does not match They could have some white patches on their skin They could have some white patches on their skin

20. Another disease that can cause hearing loss is “Measles” Measles is an acute infectious disease occurring mostly in children, characterized by catarrhal and febrile symptoms and an eruption of small red spots; rubeola Measles is an acute infectious disease occurring mostly in children, characterized by catarrhal and febrile symptoms and an eruption of small red spots; rubeola It can cause deafness in both ears It can cause deafness in both ears

21. Amplification

22. Cochlear Implants Cochlear Implants The Cochlear Implant is a little, complex electronic machine, that can help Deaf or Hard of Hearing people hear the sounds. The Cochlear Implant is a little, complex electronic machine, that can help Deaf or Hard of Hearing people hear the sounds. The Cochlear Implant is very different from the Hearing Aid. The Cochlear Implant is very different from the Hearing Aid. Cochlear Implant can detected damaged part of the ear and send messages to the nerve. Cochlear Implant can detected damaged part of the ear and send messages to the nerve. The Implant sends sound waves to the nerve and then to the brain. The Implant sends sound waves to the nerve and then to the brain. Only Deaf or Hard of Hearing people can receive a Cochlear Implant. Only Deaf or Hard of Hearing people can receive a Cochlear Implant. 100,000 people in the world have received Implant. 100,000 people in the world have received Implant. In U.S. 22,000 adults and 15,000 children received a Cochlear Implant. In U.S. 22,000 adults and 15,000 children received a Cochlear Implant.

23. How the Cochlear Implant Works Video Video http://video.about.com/deafness/Cochlear- Implants.htm http://video.about.com/deafness/Cochlear- Implants.htm Under search-type “Cochlear Implant Video”

24. Hearing Aids Hearing Aids The first Hearing Aid was invented by a man named Harvey Fletcher who worked for Bell Laboratories. The first Hearing Aid was invented by a man named Harvey Fletcher who worked for Bell Laboratories. It was connected with a cord to a case that was attached on the body. It was connected with a cord to a case that was attached on the body. Behind The Ear Aids (BTE) have a little plastic case that fits behind the ear and sends sound waves to the ear using electricity with a wire and mini speaker. Behind The Ear Aids (BTE) have a little plastic case that fits behind the ear and sends sound waves to the ear using electricity with a wire and mini speaker. BTE can be useful for children. BTE can be useful for children. ITE (In The Ear Aids) is a machine that fits inside the concha. ITE (In The Ear Aids) is a machine that fits inside the concha. Hearing aids must be replaced when children grow. Hearing aids must be replaced when children grow.

25. How the Hearing Aid Works It must have the following to work properly: It must have the following to work properly: 1. A Microphone for sound. 1. A Microphone for sound. 2. An Electronic Circuit to help increase the sound. 2. An Electronic Circuit to help increase the sound. 3. A Receiver help send sound to Ear. 3. A Receiver help send sound to Ear. 4. Batteries for electricity 4. Batteries for electricity

26. Communication Modes

27. American Sign Language (ASL) American Sign Language (ASL) A visual language used by body and hand movements. ASL is a popular language in the USA and Canada. ASL and English are different because of grammar, plurals, tenses, body expression and fingerspelling. Auditory-Verbal Auditory-Verbal Deaf and Hard of Hearing learn to listen and communicate using spoken language. They wear hearing aids and cochlear implants to help listen. When using Auditory-Verbal, it is very important to provide extensive counseling, education and support. Cued Speech Cued Speech Deaf and Hard of Hearing learn to communicate using a system of spoken English and 8 handshapes that represent vowels and consonants. The speak language and use the handshapes to see the unseen sounds. Manually Coded English Manually Coded English A sign system used to convey tenses, plurals, possessives and other syntactical forms of English. MCE system is different than ASL. MCE is used more in public schools. Oral Oral The children who are deaf and hard of hearing who have been identified with a hearing loss from an early age. They wear hearing aids or cochlear implants that helps them to understand spoken English. They are taught speech (lip reading). http://www.jtc.org/

28. Communicating with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students Communicating with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students Communicating with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students (readlip) try speaking slowly and clearly understand what people say. Deaf person need write noted to hearing person order to communicate. (readlip) try speaking slowly and clearly understand what people say. Deaf person need write noted to hearing person order to communicate. If the person lipreads, try speaking slowly and clearly, using short phrases. Do not raise your voice! · If the person does not understand something you say, try rephrasing it. Don’t repeat the same thing over and over. If the person lipreads, try speaking slowly and clearly, using short phrases. Do not raise your voice! · If the person does not understand something you say, try rephrasing it. Don’t repeat the same thing over and over. Do not cover your mouth. Do not cover your mouth. Maintain eye contact. Maintain eye contact. Not all deaf people lipread, so it may not work! Try using gestures and pantomime. Not all deaf people lipread, so it may not work! Try using gestures and pantomime. It is not considered rude to offer a deaf person paper and a pen in order to communicate. It is not considered rude to offer a deaf person paper and a pen in order to communicate. If you know the American Sign Language alphabet, use it! If you know the American Sign Language alphabet, use it! www.smc.edu/disabledstudent/guide/spec1def.htm

29. Technology

30. UbiDuo It is a thing that deaf people can use to communicate with any hearing person. You can bring UbiDuo to anywhere: a restaurant, the police department, and etc. It is a thing that deaf people can use to communicate with any hearing person. You can bring UbiDuo to anywhere: a restaurant, the police department, and etc. You can buy two UbiDuos because one hearing person uses this and the Deaf person that you will have to communicate. You can buy two UbiDuos because one hearing person uses this and the Deaf person that you will have to communicate. The UbiDuo has a full-size keyboard The UbiDuo has a full-size keyboard You can use this for eight hours You can use this for eight hours It has a rechargeable battery! It has a rechargeable battery! The UbiDuo has wireless and you can set the UbiDuo from other UbiDuo up to 500 feet range through the walls or floors! The UbiDuo has wireless and you can set the UbiDuo from other UbiDuo up to 500 feet range through the walls or floors! It has some emoticons that allow to show your feelings and personality in conversations It has some emoticons that allow to show your feelings and personality in conversations It costs about $1995.00 It costs about $1995.00

31. Telephone Ringer Amplifier with Strobe Light This amplifier can be used for hard of hearing and deaf people too This amplifier can be used for hard of hearing and deaf people too For hard of hearing people, when the phone rings, it can ring loud enough for hard of hearing people For hard of hearing people, when the phone rings, it can ring loud enough for hard of hearing people For deaf, they have to set up the strobe light anywhere in their house. Then, when the phone rings, the strobe light will flash really bright to let the deaf people know that someone has to answer the phone now For deaf, they have to set up the strobe light anywhere in their house. Then, when the phone rings, the strobe light will flash really bright to let the deaf people know that someone has to answer the phone now It costs about $34.95 It costs about $34.95

32. Sennheiser Set 810/810S The Sennheiser Set is for hard of hearing people only The Sennheiser Set is for hard of hearing people only It helps them to hear the T.V. easier without distracting other hearing people It helps them to hear the T.V. easier without distracting other hearing people You can use this only if you have Stereo or mono operation You can use this only if you have Stereo or mono operation People can use this about 600 feet away from the T.V.! People can use this about 600 feet away from the T.V.! It costs about $229.00 It costs about $229.00

33. ClearSounds CLA7 UltraClear Power Neckloop This can be used for anyone who wears hearing aids This can be used for anyone who wears hearing aids It helps them understand speech more clearly It helps them understand speech more clearly Also, it can help improve their speech ability Also, it can help improve their speech ability You can bring this anywhere: school, meeting at work, and etc. You can bring this anywhere: school, meeting at work, and etc. All you can hear is only from people who use this, you won’t hear from anyone else. It really helps them to listen to that person only without distracting other people talking All you can hear is only from people who use this, you won’t hear from anyone else. It really helps them to listen to that person only without distracting other people talking It costs about $119.95 It costs about $119.95

34. Hearing Aid Sweatbands – Natural Anyone who wear hearing aids can use it during any sport or activity that make you sweat a lot Anyone who wear hearing aids can use it during any sport or activity that make you sweat a lot They can buy any size of sweatbands for their hearing aids They can buy any size of sweatbands for their hearing aids Just add the small sweatbands on your hearing aids Just add the small sweatbands on your hearing aids It costs about $21.95 for all sizes It costs about $21.95 for all sizes

35. Sonic Boom SB300ss Alarm Clock Tired of wake up late? No worry, we got a new clock for the deaf people! Tired of wake up late? No worry, we got a new clock for the deaf people! All you have to do is to set the clock time and the alarm time, then put the object that can vibration under your soft bed. When the time have reach to the alarm time, it will vibrations really powerful that you can feels the vibration all over the bed! All you have to do is to set the clock time and the alarm time, then put the object that can vibration under your soft bed. When the time have reach to the alarm time, it will vibrations really powerful that you can feels the vibration all over the bed! Also, hard of hearing people can use them too. They can control the volume on the clock. When the time have reach to the alarm time, it will alarm really loud that hard of hearing can hear! Also, hard of hearing people can use them too. They can control the volume on the clock. When the time have reach to the alarm time, it will alarm really loud that hard of hearing can hear! It costs about $49.95 It costs about $49.95

36. Shake – Up with Sidekick and Strobe/Vibration Do you worry about if there was a fire in your house and you couldn’t notice it? Guess what? There new kit for the deaf people! Do you worry about if there was a fire in your house and you couldn’t notice it? Guess what? There new kit for the deaf people! You can add the vibration under your bed, soft chair or couch, anywhere to let you know that there is smoke or fire in your house. You can add the vibration under your bed, soft chair or couch, anywhere to let you know that there is smoke or fire in your house. Also, you can use the strobe light anywhere on the walls. When the alarm goes off, the strobe light will flash really bright so you can notice it easily. Also, you can use the strobe light anywhere on the walls. When the alarm goes off, the strobe light will flash really bright so you can notice it easily. It costs about $322.95 It costs about $322.95

37. Videophone There is now a new videophone for the deaf people to communicate with hearing people on the phone. There is now a new videophone for the deaf people to communicate with hearing people on the phone. Deaf people can set up the videophone on the T.V. and use internet connection. Then, call someone. The relay will appear on the T.V. and all you have to do is use sign language to the T.V. The Videophone (VP) has a camera on it, so they can see you from the VP. The relay interpreter can talk into the phone everything exactly as it’s said. Then, the hearing people can answer back and the relay interpreter will listen and sign everything that the hearing people said. Deaf people can set up the videophone on the T.V. and use internet connection. Then, call someone. The relay will appear on the T.V. and all you have to do is use sign language to the T.V. The Videophone (VP) has a camera on it, so they can see you from the VP. The relay interpreter can talk into the phone everything exactly as it’s said. Then, the hearing people can answer back and the relay interpreter will listen and sign everything that the hearing people said. Also, you can communicate with other deaf people with VP only. Other person must have their own VP. You and other deaf people can communicate only, no relay interpreter needed. Also, you can communicate with other deaf people with VP only. Other person must have their own VP. You and other deaf people can communicate only, no relay interpreter needed. It’s free for all deaf and hard of hearing people but it costs for hearing people. Please call Harris Communications for pricing. It’s free for all deaf and hard of hearing people but it costs for hearing people. Please call Harris Communications for pricing.

38. Disability Laws

39. IDEA IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) states that the disabled are to have the same education as the non- disabled. The IDEA was originally enacted by Congress in 1975. It incorporates FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education) for students with disabilities. IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) states that the disabled are to have the same education as the non- disabled. The IDEA was originally enacted by Congress in 1975. It incorporates FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education) for students with disabilities.

40. ADA ADA ADA (Americans with Disability Act) gives the disabled equal opportunity as the non-disabled for jobs, state and federal government, public transportation, public accommodations. ADA (Americans with Disability Act) gives the disabled equal opportunity as the non-disabled for jobs, state and federal government, public transportation, public accommodations. ADA law was signed by President George H. W. Bush on July 26, 1990 ADA law was signed by President George H. W. Bush on July 26, 1990

41. For more Disability Law information: www.ada.gov/pubs/ada.htm www.ada.gov/pubs/ada.htm www.ada.gov/pubs/ada.htm http://www.vabir.com/ada.htm http://www.vabir.com/ada.htm http://www.vabir.com/ada.htm http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/policevideo/ policebroadbandgallery.htm#Open%20Ca ptions http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/policevideo/ policebroadbandgallery.htm#Open%20Ca ptions http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/policevideo/ policebroadbandgallery.htm#Open%20Ca ptions http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/policevideo/ policebroadbandgallery.htm#Open%20Ca ptions http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/cguide.htm http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/cguide.htm http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/cguide.htm

42. Resources

43. NAD National Association of the Deaf Legal Rights-NAD provides information to Deaf individuals about their lawful rights. Captioning Captioning Education Education Government Government Health Care Health Care Housing Housing Public Faculties Public Faculties Transportation Transportation Advocacy Issues-NAD helps the Deaf to understand how to advocate for themselves. Air Travel Air Travel Assistive Assistive Emergency Emergency Gallaudet Gallaudet Human Services Human Services Judicial Judicial Infant Screening Infant Screening Law Enforcement Law Enforcement Past, Present Past, Present Relay Relay Telecommunication Telecommunication Vote 2008 Vote 2008

44. Info & FAQ’s-NAD gives the Deaf a list of Frequently Asked Questions and various information. Advocacy Advocacy American Sign American Sign Captioning Captioning Communicate & Culture Communicate & Culture Interpreting Interpreting Mental Health Mental Health Technology Technology News Room-NAD gives the Deaf more information about: Blog Central Blog Central Current New Current New Archived News Archived News Theatre in the Sky Theatre in the Sky Celebrate ASL Celebrate ASL Inside NAD- describes activities and information about NAD. Affiliates Affiliates Board of Directors Board of Directors By laws By laws Conferences Conferences Fulton lll Fulton lll History History Interpreting Interpreting Law & Advocacy Law & Advocacy Membership Membership Mission Mission Sections Sections Staff Staff State Associations State Associations Youth Youth www.nad.org

45. DHHC provides: Guidance Resources An Advocate Interpreter Services Ask question & looking for answers Programs available: Club “I Can” Camp “I Can” Education for families dealing with a child diagnosed with hearing loss American Sign Languages Classes wwww wwww wwww.... dddd hhhh hhhh cccc.... oooo rrrr gggg

46. MADHS Michigan Association For Deaf And Hard of Hearing MADHS is the place for: Advocates Advocates Services Services Community Education Community Education Youth Youth Resources Resources Technology Technology www.madhs.org

47. Services Interpreter Referral Service Interpreter Referral Service Advocacy and Community Services Advocacy and Community Services American Sign Language Classes American Sign Language Classes Community Education Community Education Lip-Reading Classes Lip-Reading Classes Advocacy Forms Request for Sign Language Interpreter Service Request for Sign Language Interpreter Service Response to Directive to Address complaint Interpreter Referral Agency Form Response to Directive to Address complaint Interpreter Referral Agency Form www.deafetc.org

48. Bibliography Communicating with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students Communicating with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students Communication Modes Communication Modes Deaf & Hard of Hearing Services Deaf & Hard of Hearing Services Deaf/Hard of Hearing Connection Sunday May 13, 2007Deaf/Hard of Hearing Connection Sunday May 13, 2007 Dr. Allan S. Mehr. “Understanding your Audiogram.” Dr. Allan S. Mehr. “Understanding your Audiogram.” Harris Communication. Vol. 17.0, 2008-2009: 1-76.Harris Communication. Vol. 17.0, 2008-2009: 1-76. Hound Dog Hearing. “Essential Guide to Hearing loss.” 2002. Hound Dog Hearing. “Essential Guide to Hearing loss.” 2002. Jamie Berke. “Top 10 Top Causes of Hearing Loss in Children.” June 21, 2007. Jamie Berke. “Top 10 Top Causes of Hearing Loss in Children.” June 21, 2007. Michigan Association For Deaf And Hard of Hearing Michigan Association For Deaf And Hard of Hearing National Association of the Deaf. National Association of the Deaf. National Institute on Deafness and Other Commuication Disorders (NIDCD). Cochlear Implant. May 2007 National Institute on Deafness and Other Commuication Disorders (NIDCD). Cochlear Implant. May 2007 ThinkQuest “Ears” ThinkQuest “Ears” University of Westminster. “Causes of Deafness” University of Westminster. “Causes of Deafness” WROCC. “How to Read Audiogram”. WROCC. “How to Read Audiogram”. Wikipedia. Hearing aid. Oct 2007. Wikipedia. Hearing aid. Oct 2007.

49. Producers: Seth Tobias Laws and Audiogram James Tinder Technology and Causes Rachel BylsmaCommunication and Resources Ronny Howard The Ear and Amplification Executive Editor: Mrs. Wiersma Special Effects: Seth Tobias Rachel Bylsma credits