1. Bioreactors for the Reduction of Nutrient Transport

2. Why Bioreactors ?  Proven technology  Requires no modification of current practices  No land taken out of production  No decrease in drainage effectiveness  Very low maintenance  Estimated life - 15 to 20 years  Cost effective

3. Capacity Control Structure 5’ Soil Backfill Woodchips Trench bottom 1’ Below tile invert 20’ section of tile Length dependent on treatment area Diversion Structure Second Generation Bioreactors

4. Capacity control structure Up to soil surface Side View Trench bottom 1’ below tile invert 5’ section of non-perforated tile Length dependent on treatment area Diversion structure Top View 5’ Soil backfill 10’ Wide

5. Third Generation Bioreactors

6. Solid pipe Perforated pipe Plastic Liner

8. Managed Drainage 28 acres 100 ft Spacing Free Drainage 31 acres 100 ft Spacing W Managed Drainage With Bioreactor 34 acres 100 ft Spacing

19. Site Contributing area (acres) Loading Density (acre/ 100sq. ft.) Load Reduction (%) Decatur West 51.2581 Decatur East 16454 DeLand East 348.542 Bioreactor Efficacy

20. Sizing a system for a 60% removal from 40 acres ?

21. 100*40/3 = 1333 sq. ft.

22. Current Work

23. Unintended Consequences?

24. Sampling Bioreactors Inlet Samples Outlet Samples

25. Dissolved MeHg in Bioreactor Inlets -Eight non-detects -Six samples contained detectable MeHg - Maximum: 0.16 ng/L - Maximum: 0.16 ng/L - Average:0.09 ng/L - Average:0.09 ng/L

26. Dissolved MeHg in Bioreactor Outlets

28. Capacity control structure Up to soil surface Side View Trench bottom 1’ below tile invert 5’ section of non-perforated tile Length dependent on treatment area Diversion structure Top View 5’ Soil backfill 10’ Wide Trench bottom at tile invert

29. What about Phosphorus? P Removal?

30. Four 6” PVC Bioreactor Cells 20 ft Woodchips 5 ft Iron Filings Two Cells with Filings Upstream Two Cells with Woodchips Upstream Temperature Sensors Gas Extraction Ports

35. Phosphorus Removal Chamber Solid pipe Solid 6” pipe Perforated pipe Plastic Liner