1. DBMS Database Management Systems

2. DBMS  A collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information from a database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes. The following are examples of database applications:  Computerized library systems  Automated teller machines  Flight reservation systems  Computerized parts inventory systems

3. DBMS  One of the most important tools in business and Management Information Systems (MIS)  Changed the way computer applications are developed  Changing the way that companies are managed

4. DBMS  The database approach begins with the premise that the most important aspect of the computer system is the data that it stores.  The purpose of a database management system is to provide shared access to data, answer questions, and create reports from the data.

5. Relational Databases  The goal of a relational DBMS is to make it easy to store and retrieve needed data. All data is stored in tables, which consist of columns with rows of data.  Each table has a name and represents objects or relationships in the data. For instance, most businesses will have tables for customers, employees, orders, and inventory.

6. Relational Databases PhoneNameAddressCity 312-555-1234Jones123 MainChicago 502-555-8876Smith456 OakGlasgow 602-555-9987Juarez887 RivieraPhoenix 612-555-4325Olsen465 ThorMinneapolis Customer Table CustomerDateSalespersonTotal_sale 502-555-88763/3/042223157.92 602-555-99874/4/048876295.53 612-555-43254/9/048876132.94 502-555-88765/7/043345183.67 Orders Table  Tables  Rows  Columns  Primary keys  Data types  Text  Dates & times  Numbers  Objects

7. DBMS  Requests for information from a database are made in the form of a query, which is a stylized question. For example, the query SELECT ALL WHERE NAME = "SMITH" AND AGE > 35 Requests all records in which the NAME field is SMITH and the AGE field is greater than 35.  The set of rules for constructing queries is known as a query language.  Different DBMSs support different query languages, although there is a semi-standardized query language called SQL (structured query language).  Sophisticated languages for managing database systems are called fourth-generation languages, or 4GLs for short.

8. QUERY There are three general methods for posing queries: 1.Choosing parameters from a menu: In this method, the database system presents a list of parameters from which you can choose. This is perhaps the easiest way to pose a query because the menus guide you, but it is also the least flexible. 2.Query by example (QBE): In this method, the system presents a blank record and lets you specify the fields and values that define the query. 3.Query language: Many database systems require you to make requests for information in the form of a stylized query that must be written in a special query language. This is the most complex method because it forces you to learn a specialized language, but it is also the most powerful.

9. QUERY BY EXAMPLE In database management systems, query by example (QBE) refers to a method of forming queries in which the database program displays a blank record with a space for each field. You can then enter conditions for each field that you want to be included in the query. For example, if you wanted to find all records where the AGE field is greater than 65, you would enter >65 in the AGE field. *QBE systems are considered easier to learn than formal query languages.

10. Single Table Query Introduction CIDNamePhoneCityAccountBalance 28764Adamz602-999-2539Phoenix197.54 87535James305-777-2235Miami255.93 44453Kolke303-888-8876Denver863.39 29587Smitz206-676-7763Seattle353.76 Sample Data Access Query Screen (QBE) Query: Which customers have balances greater than $200?

11. Computations  Sum  Avg  Min  Max  Count  StDev  Var QBE SELECTCount(C#), AVG(AccountBalance) FROMCustomers ; SQL

12. RECORD In database management systems, a record is a complete set of information. Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields: a name field, an address field, and a phone number field.

13. RECORD

14. FIELD  A space allocated for a particular item of information.  A tax form, for example, contains a number of fields: one for your name, one for your Social Security number, one for your income, and so on.  Fields are the smallest units of information you can access.  In spreadsheets, fields are called cells. Most fields have certain attributes associated with them.  For example, some fields are numeric whereas others are textual, some are long, while others are short. In addition, every field has a name, called the field name.

15. FIELDS  In database management systems, a field can be required, optional, or calculated.  A required field is one in which data must be entered.  An optional field may be left blank.  A calculated field is one whose value is derived from some formula involving other fields. You do not enter data into a calculated field; the system automatically determines the correct value.  A collection of fields is called a record.

16. Multiple Tables CIDNamePhoneCityAccountBalance 12345Jones312-555-1234Chicago$197.54 28764Adams602-999-2539Phoenix$526.76 29587Smitz206-656-7763Seattle$353.76 44453Kolke303-888-8876Denver$863.39 87535James305-777-2235Miami$255.98 Customers SIDNameDateHiredPhoneCommission 225West5/23/75213-333-23455 452Zeke8/15/94213-343-55533 554Jabbar7/15/91213-534-88764 663Bird9/12/93213-225-33354 887Johnson2/2/92213-887-66354 ItemIDDescriptionPrice 1154Corn Broom$1.00 2254Blue Jeans$12.00 3342Paper Towels--3 rolls$1.00 7653Laundry Detergent$2.00 8763Men's Boots$15.00 9987Candy Popcorn$0.50 OrderIDCIDSIDOdateAmount 117123458873/3/2004$57.92 125875356634/4/2004$123.54 157123455544/9/2004$297.89 169295872555/5/2004$89.93 178444536635/1/2004$154.89 188295875545/8/2004$325.46 201123458875/28/2004$193.58 211444532556/9/2004$201.39 213444532556/9/2004$154.15 215875358876/9/2004$563.27 280287646635/27/2004$255.32 OIDItemIDQuantity 11711542 11733421 11776534 12511544 12587633 15776532 16933421 16999875 17822541 Salespeople Items Orders ItemsSold

17. Linking Tables The Orders to ItemsSold relationship enforces referential integrity. One Order can list many ItemsSold.

18. CELLS  In spreadsheet applications, a cell is a box with a single piece of data.  The data is usually text, a numeric value, or a formula. The entire spreadsheet is composed of rows and columns of cells.  A spreadsheet cell is analogous to a field in database management systems.  Individual cells are usually identified by a column letter and a row number. For example, D12 specifies the cell in Column D and Row 12.

19. FORMULAS  In spreadsheet applications, a formula is an expression that defines how one cell relates to other cells.  For example, you might define Cell C5 (Column C, Row 5) with the formula =A4*D7 which means multiply the value in Cell A4 by the value in Cell D7

20. DBMS  The information from a database can be presented in a variety of formats. Most DBMSs include a report writer program that enables the output of data in the form of a report.  Many DBMSs also include a graphics component that enables the output of information in the form of graphs and charts.

21. Sample Report with Groups

22. QUERY LANGUAGE  Query - a specialized language for requesting information from a database.  For example, the query SELECT ALL WHERE age > 30 AND name = "Smith" requests all records in which the Name field is "Smith" and the Age field has a value greater than 30.  The de facto standard for query languages is SQL

23. E-Business Databases Internet Customer Web Server Web program script Text <% Database connection %> Order Form Descriptions Prices Page request Queries and data Web page

24. Database Servers  Specially designed computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software  Usually multiprocessor computers, with RAID disk arrays used for stable storage  Connected to one or more servers via a high- speed channel  Hardware database accelerators are also used in large volume transaction processing environments

25. Database Servers  A database server is a computer or program running on a computer which provides database services to other programs or computers. They typically provide a complete database management system of some sort, even if limited to only basic database creation, repair and deletion.  An alternative approach is to build the support for the information storage directly into the programs which are using it. This is common on less powerful computer systems or for applications which don't have complex requirements.  In the Internet context, it's very common for web sites to have web servers delivering pages which have their core content stored in a database server.

26. Database Programs Used at ECU  MVS (for registering students), SQL (Structured Query Language), DB2 (Database 2), Oracle, Access, and more  ITCS is in charge of programming databases and keeping them up and running.  Network support is in charge of keeping the databases connected to the network.  Student, faculty, and staff data are automatically updated on server at input.

27. What is SQL?  SQL stands for Structured Query Language  Allows access to a database  Is an ANSI standard computer language  Can execute queries against a database  Can retrieve data from a database  Can insert new records in a database  Can delete records from a database  Can update records in a database  Is easy to learn

28. SQL  SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard computer language for accessing and manipulating database systems.  SQL statements are used to retrieve and update data in a database. SQL works with database programs like MS Access, DB2, Informix, MS SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, etc.  There are many different versions of the SQL language  To be in compliance with the ANSI standard, they must support the same major keywords in a similar manner (such as SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, WHERE, and others).

29. ACCESS Access 2003 provides a powerful set of tools that are sophisticated enough for professional developers, yet easy to learn for new users. Create or use powerful database solutions that make organizing, accessing, and sharing information easier than ever. MICROSOFT ACCESS TOUR

30. REFERENCES  http://www.bambooweb.com/articles/d/a/Datab ase_management_system.html http://www.bambooweb.com/articles/d/a/Datab ase_management_system.html  http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/database _management_system_DBMS.html http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/database _management_system_DBMS.html  Management Information Systems. Post/Anderson. 3 rd Edition.  Rick Lupton, ECU ITCS, Computer Consultant, Brody School of Medicine  http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_intro. asp http://www.w3schools.com/sql/sql_intro. asp