1. Major impact on the design of printed material, furniture and architecture;. Arts and Crafts Movement

2. The arts and crafts movement set the direction for much of art and design in the Twentieth Century. It had a strong influence on architects and designers like Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Gropius; setting the values that resulted in such institutions as the Bauhaus. It is directly responsible for subjects like graphic design, ceramics, and other “applied arts” being taught in universities and regarded as equal to the “fine arts.” Arts and Crafts Movement

3. The A+C movement developed in England during the second half of the 19th Century partly as a protest against the poor quality of manufactured goods and the degrading effects of labor.

4. Arts and Crafts Movement Some of its avowed goals were to: heal the social ills through good design reform of work and living standards bring renewed interest in aesthetics of practical crafts

5. Arts and Crafts Movement Its ideas were picked up around the world in a few years, with artists colonies springing up in America—the Roycroft communities) and in Austria—the Wiener Werkstatte. Painters, woodworkers, architects formed associations to carry out commissions that amounted to a complete works of art, or “total design” The word for this in German is Gesamtkuntswerk.

6. Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris: Red House 1860 William Morris: Credited with the origin of the Arts and Crafts Movement. William Morris became keenly aware of the poor quality of most domestic wares when he undertook to build a home for himself and his new wife. He worked with his friend Phillip Webb to design and furnish his home according to his developing ideals. The RED HOUSE was radically designed from the inside out - first with a program for function and then deciding how it should look. Morris designed everything inside of the house to be harmonious with it. (The idea of total design was taken up by architects like Frank Lloyd Wright,) 1859 Red House, just outside London, England

7. John Ruskin Ascendency of the Handmade Integration of art and life The total work of art Ruskin, in his book “the Stones of Venice” argued that the imperfect forms of the middle ages were more true and more aesthetically pleasing because of their imperfections, which revealed the hand and heart of the person who made them, in contrast to the qualities of machine-made artifacts. He thought the Gothic style more truly reflected Christian values than the “pagan” Roman and Greek forms. The Medieval Cathedral was for him a model of the ideal social environment - including the total integration of Art and Life, Form and Purpose. above,, Lilith, by Rosettti, and right, Edward Burne-Jones Ruskin and the Gothic Revival: One of Morris’ inspirations was writer and critic John Ruskin who argued for architecture and craft based on a medieval model.

8. William Morris Wallpaper 1883 Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris: Wallpaper William Morris started a company in London in 1861 to make and sell hand-crafted functional objects. His maxim was “ have nothing in your home that is not both useful and beautiful” The goal was that life should be lived as a total aesthetic experience.

9. Arts and Crafts Movement While Morris himself practiced a range of arts, from painting, poetry, graphic design, type face design, surface patters (for wallpaper and fabric), he is best known his books and writings and for the support he gave for other craftsmen. His sensibilities seem to be for richly-patterned surfaces, such as these wallpaper and fabric designs, and as seen in the borders of his books

10. Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris Tapestry designed by Morris, woven in wool and silk at Merton Abbey. 1890 Depicts an orchard and the four seasons

11. The Morris Chair Adjustable-back chair designed by Philip Webb and manufactured by Morris, Marshall, Faulkner and Co. from about 1869 until 1900. (shown here with Morris-designed fabric. A colleague saw a version of this in the shop of a rural carpenter and sent a sketch of it to Philip Webb, who designed much of the company’s furniture. This is in keeping with Morris’ idea of the aesthetics of simple and functional hand-crafted objects. Arts and Crafts Movement Morris Chair

12. The Century Guild Dedicated to equal respect for all the arts. Stylistically, Mackmurdo explored swirling, romantic, asymmetrical organic forms; using abstract shapes to convey thoughts and feeling. Shown here: Chair design and Book cover for Wren’s City Churches, by Arthur Mackmurdo. Arts and Crafts Movement Arthur Mackmurdo: started the “Century Guild” in 1882 to promote the practice of integrated crafts Century Guild

13. Selwyn Image Stained glass and: Design for Century Guild magazine Hobby Horse Arts and Crafts Movement Century Guild

14. Principles of the Arts and Crafts movement: 1. equality of all the arts 2. good design as a morally-uplifting force 3. value of handmade items over machine-made items 4. re-uniting the role of designer and craftsman 5. truth to materials 6. design should reflect function (not merely decorate surface) Arts and Crafts Movement

15. The integration of the Arts This cabinet designed by J.P. Seddon for with Morris and Company (1861) represents integration of painting as a practical art. It is decorated with painting well-known Pre-Raphaelite painters: Ford Maddox Brown, Edward Burne-Jones and Dante Gabriele Rosetti Arts and Crafts Movement The integration of the Arts

16. Arts and Crafts Movement Pre-Rapaelite artists Morris was associated also with a group of artists called the Pre-Raphaelites, most famous of whom is Dante Gabrielle Rossetti. They tried to re-create the style of early Renaissance painting and favored mythic themes and settingunder the belief that industrial society of the 19 th century was dehumanizing and crushed people’s spiritual nature. Left: Lilith, by Dante Gabrielle Rosettti Jane Burden was the wife of William Morris and a popular model for the Pre-Raphaelite artists.

17. Arts and Crafts Movement Rosetti’s painting depicting the death of Beatrice - (based on Dante’s Divine Comedy)

18. Arts and Crafts Movement Sample book from Morris and Co.

19. William Morris Kelmscott Chaucer 1896 Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris, Kelmscott Press The Well at the World’s End, 1894 The crowning achievement of Morris’ work was the Kelmscott Press, which he started in 1891. His goal was to prove that the standards of crafts- manship of the past could be achieved in the present. He integrated type design, ornament, and illustration with meticulous craftsmanship in materials and printing. From 1891 to 1898 it produced 53 volumes, including the Works of Geoffrey Chaucer and the some of Morris’ own writings, like “The Story of the Glittering Plain. The design of the books were based on the early printers of the Incunabula, such as Nicolas Jenson, Link to web resource (University of Glasgow) on Morris Link to web resource (University of Glasgow) on Morris http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/teach/privatepress/kelmscott.html

20. Morris Chair Adjustable-back chair designed by Philip Webb and manufactured by Morris, Marshall,Faulkner and Co from about 1869 until 1900. A colleague saw a version of this in the shop of a rural carpenter and sent a sketch of it to Webb who designed much of the company’s furniture. This is in linen with Morris’ idea of the aesthetics of hand-crafted objects.. Arts and Crafts Movement Quote from Morris on the state of society Morris was active in the Socialist Movement and lectured widely about working conditions

21. William Morris Kelmscott Chaucer 1896 Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris, Kelmscott Press The Glittering Plain, 1894 Morris designed the Golden type face for this book, which he designed and printed. Many of the pages have elaborate ornaments. The Illustrations are by Walter Crane. The Golden type is based on black letter type, but letters are wider and rounder.

22. Arts and Crafts Movement William Morris : Kelmscott Press Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 1896

23. Arts and Crafts Movement in America Stickley, through his magazine popularized the American Bungalow as a way of making affordable well-styled housing available to the general public Click on link below for movie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vxWs841Rd4&feature=BFa&list=ULv1wbcf5I2-I&index=2

24. In the United States the Arts and Crafts aesthetic is promoted by Gustav Stickley Stickley traveled to Europe were he was introduced to the ideas of Ruskin. In 1898 formed the Gustave Stickley company in Syracuse NY published a journal called the Craftsman from 1900 until about 1915 His company produced a great deal of popular furniture in the A+C style Mackmurdo came to the US where he got to know Frank Lloyd Wright - and they maintained a correspondence Chest of drawers Gustav Stickley American Simplicity of design. Functional, Arts and Crafts Movement in America

25. Craftsman style in domestic architecture: Low-pitched roofs, wide gables, with large overhang and and exposed rafters Bulky, simple columns that either continue to the ground level or sit on stone or brick pedestals - Usually deep front porches Stone exterior chimney's, sometimes flanked by small windows Open, flexible floor plans in which spaces flow easily from one into another Double-hung windows - wither single or grouped, in which the upper sash is divided into multiple panes and the lower sash is one large sheet. Built-in book cases and window seats Sometimes elaborately cut rafter-ends, stained glass panels. Arts and Crafts Movement

26. Gustav Stickley, American; Drawinging room Simplicity of design, Functional construction Beauty through pleasing proportions and esthetic use of materials Gustav Stickly Oak furniture: Tiffany lamp right, Dirk van Erp lamp middle, Stickley lamp in back.

27. Chest of drawers Gustav Stickley American Contemporary Morris Chair: Stickley and Co. Arts and Crafts Movement

28. Chest of drawers Gustav Stickley American Contemporary Morris Chair: Stickley and Co. Arts and Crafts Movement Louis Comfort Tiffany Lamp Stained Glass 1908

29. Frank Lloyd Wright Prairie Style Architecture Spoke of Organic Architecture - Referring to a sense that all the parts were in an organic harmony - shared the same proportion and style - hence the interior, furnishings, fixtures, etc were carefully designed or overseen by the designer,. This extended to the relationship of the structure to the environment – the horizontal lines harmonized with the prairie landscape. Prairie School

30. Gamble House, Note: the aethetic use of natural materials and the use of the woodworking techniques themselves as an obvious part of the design

31. Notice expert joinery in woodwork Prairie School Gamble House, Pasadena, CA Architects: Greene and Greene 1908

32. Guiding principles of the Arts and Crafts movement 1. equality of all the arts 2. good design as a morally-uplifting force 3. value of handmade items over machine-made items 4. re-uniting the role of designer and craftsman 5. truth to materials 6. design should reflect function and process (not merely ornament surface) Arts and Crafts Movement

33. Impact of the A+C movement Elevation of crafts and making of useful objects to a much higher level of importance. It was the beginning serious scholarship in design. Leads to disciplines such as graphic design, ceramics, and product design being taught in universities. Influenced formation of numerous other societies: including the Century Guild, the Weiner Werkstaate, and the Bauhaus. The Private Press Movement: resulting in decline Victorian typefaces and revivals of classical fonts based on the Italian and French Renaissance (Garamond, Goudy, Cheltenham and others) Interest in addressing design of functional and simple architecture and functional items for the home - for instance - the bungalow style of private home. Arts and Crafts Movement