1. Journal Week 22- Wed 2/10
J: 30 Facts from “What Darwin Never Knew” Video
TI: Unit 4 Genetics Folder (50 pts)
CW: “What Darwin Never Knew” Video, Genetics Test Remediation 
HW: Interactive Reader pgs DUE Th 2/19

2. Journal Week 22- Thurs 2/12 J: none TI: none
CW: Set up Unit 5 Evolution Folder, Course Selection
HW: Evolution Unit Cover Page & Vocab DUE T 2/17 (20 pts), Interactive Reader pgs DUE Th 2/19

3. Update Table of Contents & Title AND Number EACH page!
Left Side, pg #
Right Side, pg #
(1) Table of Contents
(2) Essential Questions
(3) Review & Reflection
(4) Unit Concept Map
(5) Vocab
(6) Vocab
(7) Early Ideas About Evolution
(8) Fathers of Evolution Guided Notes
(9) Evidence Debate Paragraph
(10) Evidence for Evolution Notes
(11) Draw the 5 fingers of Evolution
(12) Mechanisms of Evolution Notes
(13) Selection graphs & Practice
(14) Types of Selection Notes
(15) Speciation through isolation Notes
(16) Patterns in Evolution Notes
(17) Natural Selection Simulation
(18) Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium Notes
(19) Origins of Life Video Questions
(20) Fossil Record & Origins Guided Notes
(21) Hominid Concept Map
(22) Hominid Evolution Notes

4. Journal Week 22- Fri 2/13 J: none TI: Journal Weeks 21 & 22 (50 pts)
CW: Fathers of Evolution Guided Notes, Early Ideas about Evolution Power Notes
HW: Evolution Unit Cover Page & Vocab DUE T 2/17 (20 pts), Interactive reader pgs DUE Th 2/19, Genetics Test Remediation DUE T 2/17 (30 pts)
Left Side
Pg #
Right Side
Early Ideas about Evolution 7
Fathers of Evolution Guided Notes 8

5. Evolution
Biology
Mrs. Narubin

6. Theory of Evolution Evolution: is the change of a species over time
Modern organisms descended from ancient organisms.

7. Charles Darwin Father of Evolution Born in England 1809
1831 set sail from England around the world on H.M.S. Beagle
Published the
“Origin of Species”
which proposed that
natural selection
caused evolution

8. Galapagos Islands Group of islands off the coast of South America
Islands are close together, but have different climates
Turtles on each island had different shells
Finch’s had different beaks

10. Darwin’s Observations
Collected fossils around the world and compared them to modern species.
Some were similar to species alive now and some were completely different.
He questioned why so many species had become extinct and if they were related to living species.

11. Darwin’s Theories: Evolution by Natural Selection
1) Survival of the Fittest- organisms with the best adaptations survive (strength, speed, camouflage, armor, ect.)
2) Natural Selection- those individuals that are best suited for their environment get to live and reproduce.
3) Struggle for existence- all members of an ecosystem are in constant competition for food and survival.

12. Natural Selection Cont’d.
Natural selection changes a population over many successive generations-NOT AN INDIVIDUAL
Changes that increase a species fitness
Fitness- ability to reproduce and survive in environment
Adaptation- inherited characteristics that increase chance of survival
Beaks on finches, porcupine quills

13. Not Natural…Artificial Selection
Artificial Selection: nature provides a variety of off spring and humans select the variations they like.

14. Summary of Darwin’s Theory
Individual organisms differ, some is due to genetics variation- variations in genes from parent to offspring (ex: Some cows produce more milk than others, Some horses faster than others)
Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and many do not survive.
The survivors are in constant competition over resources. (ex: food)

15. Summary of Darwin’s Theory, Cont’d.
Organisms have unique advantages and disadvantages.
Best suited individuals for the environment survive and reproduce, passing on the best traits for survival to the new generation.
Descent with Modification- Todays living species descended with changes from other species over time
Common descent- all species come from a common ancestor

16. Origin of Species Darwin published “On the Origin of Species” in 1859
Origin of Species- Proposed natural selection caused evolution
He was reluctant to publish his controversial theory of Evolution.
Originally told his wife to publish book after he died, but another scientist was trying to take credit for the theory.

17. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
French Naturalist
One of the 1st scientists to recognize things changed over time & species descended from other species
Before Darwin-- believed organisms change over time
Believed organisms lost or gained certain traits over time– pass favorable traits to offspring

18. Lamarck’s Theories Tendency Towards Perfection:
Organisms tend to develop towards complexity and perfection…so they continually change to make them live more successfully.
EX: Birds urge to fly and over time…their wings grew in size to be used for flying

19. Lamarck’s Theories Use & Disuse:
organisms can change the size/shape of organs by using their bodies a different way
EX: Birds use front limbs more so they could use it them for flying

20. Lamarck’s Theories Inheritance of Acquired Traits:
acquired traits could be inherited by the next generations
EX: Bigger front limbs on birds to use for flying…passed down to offspring
EX: If you workout and have big muscles…so will your children

21. Famous Example: Giraffe Necks

22. Disproven Theories
Lamarck’s theories have been disproven…but at the time these scientists developed these theories they knew very little about genetics and how traits are passed on from generation to generation.

24. Journal Week 23- Mon 2/16
No School for students

25. Journal Week 23- Tues 2/17
J: Fathers of Evolution Concept Check (10 pts)
Get a clicker and get logged in
Take Fathers of Evolution Concept Check, you need to re-write the question and CORRECT answer for the one you got wrong. If you got them all right write “I’m so smart!”
TI: Genetics Test Remediation (30 pts), Cover pg and Vocab check (20 pts)
CW: Evidence for Evolution Notes , 5 sentence Evidence Debate
HW: Evidence for Evolution Review wkst DUE W 2/18
Left Side
Pg #
Right Side
Evidence Debate Paragraph 9
Evidence for Evolution 10

26. Fathers of Evolution Concept Check

27. Question 1
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Island have many similar characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches a.) have the ability to interbreed b.) acquired traits through use and disuse c.) all eat the same type of food d.) descended from a common ancestor

28. Question 2
Which scientist proposed that if an organism used a structure so much that it grew, the trait of that larger structure could be passed to its offspring? (a) Erasmus Darwin (b) Jean-Baptiste Lamark (c) Georges de Buffon (d) Charles Lyell

29. Question 3
When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? a.) acquired characteristics b.) reproductive isolation c.) survival of the fittest d.) descent with modification

30. Question 4
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have a.) characteristics their parents acquired through use and disuse b.) characteristics that plant and animal breeders value c.) the greatest number of offspring d.) variations best suited to the environment

31. Question 5
The theory that landforms on Earth’s surface, such as mountains, waterfalls, and canyons, were created as the result of sudden spectacular events is called the theory of (a) uniformitarianism (b) catastrophism (c) gradualism (d) evolution

32. Evidence for Evolution Notes

33. The Evidence of Evolution
1) The Fossil Record
2) Geographic Distribution of Living Species
3) Molecular Biology
4) Homologous Body Structures
5) Similarities in Embryology (Embryos)

34. 1) The Fossil Record Fossils: the remains of ancient life
Fossils in different layers of rock that formed at different times in Earth’s history show a change in organisms over time.
Layers of rocks have the youngest on top and oldest underneath
Darwin asked “ If the Earth could change over time, is it possible for life on Earth to change with it?”
Proposed Earth was millions of years old, many species came into being, lived, the vanished.

35. 2) Geographic Distribution of Living Species
Remember Darwin’s finches?
How were they so similar, but so different?
Similar species living in different parts of the world adapt to different traits for survival, particular to their environment, but descend from a common mainland ancestor.
Ex. Thick fur for bears in cold climates and thin fur in warm climates.
Ex. Short or long beaks, pointed or round beaks

36. 3) Molecular Biology
Species from different time periods…and initial simpler organisms vs. more complex organisms had similar biochemicals and cell parts.
What do you think they shared?
DNA (Nucleic Acids)
Membranes
Cytoplasm
Fats, Proteins, Carbs

37. 4) Homologous Structures
“Homo” means same
Body parts in living species with the same structure and embryonic tissue, but used for different purposes to help with survival
Ex. Phalanges…or as we know them “fingers”

38. Homologous Structures Cont.
Ex. 1: If we compare front limbs…we see that bird wings are more similar to one another than any of them to bat wings.
The bones that support the wings of bats are more similar to the front limbs of humans, whales, and other mammals, than birds…which helps scientists determine how recently they shared an ancestor.
Ex. 2: Dolphins look something like fish, but the homologies show they are mammals…they have lungs and use air to breath, rather than gills and water…How do you breath? You may share a more recent ancestor with Dolphins than fish do?!

39. More Homologous Structures!
Do all Homologous structures serve an important purpose?
NOPE!!
Vestigial Organs: organs of animals are so reduced in size that they are just vestiges, or traces, of homologous structures.
Why keep them with no purpose?
One possibility is that the presence of these organs doesn’t affect the organism’s ability to survive and reproduce...so natural selection doesn’t “eliminate” that organ

40. Pics of Vestiges!
Tailbones!
Femur and Pelvis in a Whale!

41. 5) Embryology
During the early stages of development, or embryos, many animals with backbones are very similar.
So what does this tell us?
Same groups of embryonic cells develop in the same order and similar patterns to make the tissues and organs of all vertebrates.
These help create the homologous structures! (It all connects!)

42. Here you are! How Cute?!

43. Evidence Debate Paragraph
On pg 9
Write 1 paragraph (5 sentence MINIMUM) explaining which piece of evidence (pick one) you feel is the most effective in explaining evolution.

44. Journal Week 23- Wed 2/18 J: None
TI: Evidence for Evolution Review wkst
CW: Five fingers of Evolution, Mechanisms of Evolution Notes
HW: Interactive Reader pgs DUE Thurs
Left Side
Pg #
Right Side
Pg #
Draw the 5 Fingers of Evolution 11
Mechanisms of Evolution Notes 12

45. Five Fingers of Evolution

46. Natural Selection in Populations
Natural selection acts on different phenotypes in a population.
In order for natural selection to occur, a population must have different phenotypes to be selected for or against.
In this way, a variety of phenotypes makes it more likely that certain individuals will survive different environmental pressures.

47. Categories of Evolution
Microevolution- evolution at the species/ population level
Species- group of interbreeding organisms that can produce fertile offspring
Population- all the individuals of a species that live in the same area at the same time
Macroevolution- evolution within a population over a very long time period

48. Macroevolution vs. Microevolution
These two ideas attempt to explain the difference between small changes (micro) versus large changes (macro). There is really no difference, other than macroevolution takes a very long time and results in profound changes in the species.
Microevolution refers to minor changes that can occur within a species in a relatively short period of time, like a change in coloration within a fish population.

50. Genetic Variation in Populations
Genetic variation is stored in a population’s gene pool- the combined alleles of all the individuals in a population
Examples: Humans have alleles for-
blue eyes / brown eyes /green eyes
curly/straight hair
blood type A / B / O / AB
Different combinations of alleles in a gene pool can be formed with organisms mate and have offspring
Each allele exists at a certain rate or frequency
Allele frequency- the measure of how common a certain allele is in the population

51. Sources of Genetic Variation
Genetic variation comes from two main sources:
Mutation- A random change in the DNA of a gene
Because there are many genes in each individual and many individuals in a population, new mutations form frequently in gene pools
Recombination- parental gametes are rearranged during meiosis

52. Movement of Alleles
When an organism joins a new population and reproduces, its alleles become part of that populations gene pool.
At the same time, those alleles are removed from the gene pool of its former population
Gene Flow- movement of alleles among populations, by migration
Increases variation
Continued gene flow decreases diversity, gene pools become more similar
Can prevent speciation from occurring

53. Example of GENE FLOW
Each rat snake represents a separate population of snakes
These snake remain similar and can interbreed
This keeps their gene pools somewhat similar
They are considered subspecies

54. Changing Allele Frequencies
Imagine you have a patch of 100 flowers growing in a field. 50 are white and 50 are purple.
If you randomly pick flowers from the patch to create a bouquet, you would expect to pick half white and half purple.
The more you pick, the more likely you are to get these numbers
The fewer flowers you pick, the more likely you are to have a bouquet that is NOT representative of the patch.
It might even be all one color

55. Changing Allele Frequencies
A similar situation can occur in small populations as they are more likely to be affected by chance
Due to chance:
Some alleles will likely decrease and become eliminated while others increase and become fixed
Genetic drift- changes in allele frequency due to chance which causes a loss of genetic diversity in a population

56. Results of Genetic Drift
Bottleneck effect- genetic drift that occurs after a destructive event that leaves only a few survivors, greatly reduces genetic diversity

57. Results of Genetic Drift
Founder Effect- genetic drift occurring after a small number of individuals colonize a new area

58. Founder Effect
The founder effect is an example of genetic drift where rare alleles or combinations occur in higher frequency in a population isolated from the general population.
Dwarfism in Amish communities
Due to few German founders

59. Journal Week 23- Thurs 2/19 J: Bozeman- Selection- 10 facts
TI: Interactive Reader pgs
CW: Types of Selection Notes
HW: Types of Selection Practice wkst DUE F 2/20
Left Side
Pg #
Right Side
Selection Graphs & Practice 13
Types of Selection Notes 14

60. Types of Selection Natural Selection Sexual selection
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Sexual selection
Artificial selection

61. Natural Selection Not Random Based on 3 conditions:
Variation- differences must exist between individuals, even if slight
Heritability- parents must be able to pass on traits to children
Differential reproductive success- how many offspring successfully produced

62. Natural Selection
Natural selection can only utilize variations that are randomly provided; therefore there is no directedness or anticipation of future needs.
Extinction occurs when previous adaptations are no longer suitable to a changed environment.

63. Directional selection
When individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or other end
Example: Darwin’s finches—seed size increases beak size increases
Color your diagram

64. Stabilizing selection
When individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end
Example: Human babies----small babies less healthy, large babies difficulty being born, medium better chance

65. Disruptive selection
When individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle.
Example: Birds live in area with large and small seeds but not many medium seeds----develop large and small beaks

66. Sexual selection Within-sex competition and choice
Intrasexual selection- competition among males (ex bighorn sheep)
Intersexual selection- males display certain traits to attract females (ex peacocks)
Not caused by natural selection
Differ in mating success
Males compete, woman choose
Males sperm endless, woman eggs limited
Female choose traits that show healthy male- Honest indicators

67. Artificial Selection
Humans determine what organisms will breed or not breed
Pedigrees
Certain flower colors
Larger more colorful vegetables
Purebred dogs

68. Practice Selection
A population of fish has a normal distribution curve of genotype frequencies where a solid pale tan color is homozygous dominant, a striped pattern of light and tan is heterozygous, and a solid dark tan is homozygous recessive. The fish normally live in a mangrove forest where there are dark tree roots in the water growing out of pale sand. Over time, a disease strikes the mangroves and they begin to die, so there are no more roots in the water, just sand.
Which fish would now have an advantage in the environment and reproduce more offspring than the other types?
What type of selection is this? Explain.
Draw a graph that shows the type of selection this demonstrates.
How have the genotype frequencies changed?
How is this natural selection?

69. Journal Week 23- Fri 2/20
J: How is natural selection different from artificial selection? Give an example of each.
TI: Types of Selection Practice
CW: Speciation through Isolation & Patterns in Evolution
HW: Bozeman- Origin of Life Video Walk through- DUE M 2/23, Interactive Reader pgs DUE Th 2/26
Left Side
Pg #
Right Side
Pg #
Speciation Through Isolation Notes 15
Patterns in Evolution Notes 16

70. The Isolation of Populations can Lead to Speciation (pg 15)
If gene flow between two populations stops for any reason, the populations are said to be isolated.
As these populations adapt to their environments, their gene pools may change
All of these changes add up over many generations and with time, isolated populations become more and more genetically different
Species- a group of interbreeding organisms
Speciation- formation of a new species

71. Forms of Speciation Two forms of speciation:
Allopatric speciation-interbreeding stops due to a physical barrier (mountain, river)
Sympatric speciation- interbreeding stops even though theres no physical barrier

72. Types of Isolation Reproductive Isolation Behavioral Isolation
A. Mechanical Isolation
B. Gametic Isolation
1. Prezyotic
2. Postzygotic
Behavioral Isolation
Geographic Isolation
Temporal Isolation

73. 1. Reproductive Isolation-Mechanical
A. Mechanical- Morphological differences can prevent successful mating
Differences in flower shape and appearance can attract different pollinators (bees, butterflies etc.).

74. 1. Reproductive Isolation- Gametic
B. Gametic- Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize the eggs of another species.
1. Prezygotic- before creating a zygote (fertilized egg)
2. Postzygotic- creates infertile offspring

75. 2. Behavioral Isolation
Two populations capable of breeding but have different courtship rituals
Example: birds with different mating songs

76. 3. Geographic Isolation
Two populations separated by geographic barriers, rivers, mountains, bodies of water
May keep certain organisms separate but not others
Example: River keeps squirrels and rabbit populations separate but not birds—who fly over river

77. 4. Temporal Isolation
Two or more species reproduce during different times of the year
Example: Different trees pollinate on different days

78. Patterns in Evolution (pg16)
Evolution through natural selection is NOT random
Species can shape each other over time
Species can become extinct
Speciation often occurs in patterns

79. Evolution is NOT random
Convergent Evolution
Two unrelated species evolve in a way that make them more similar
Ex: Birds and Bees both have wings
Convergent characters- traits that are similar between two unrelated species
Divergent Evolution
Two related species evolve in a way that makes them less similar

80. Divergent vs. Convergent

81. Species can shape each other over time
Species interact with each other in many different ways. They may compete for the same food source or be involved in a predator- prey relationship.
Sometimes the evolutionary paths of two species become connected. These can become competitive
Coevolution
Predator vs. Prey—2 species evolve together
Parallel evolution
Similar evolutionary changes occurring in two species that are related or unrelated

82. Species can become extinct
Just as birth and death are natural events in the life of an individual, the rise and fall of a species are natural processes of evolution.
Extinction- the elimination of a species from Earth.
Often occurs when a species is unable to adapt to a change in the environment
There are two categories of extinctions:
Background extinction- occur continuously but at a very low rate
Mass extinction- destroy many species due to a catastrophic event

83. Patterns of Speciation
Disagreements in pattern of macroevolution (evolution of group of species over a very long period of time)
Gradualism- evolutionary progress is slow and steady
Punctuated equilibrium- rapid burst of change with long periods of no change
Adaptive radiation- rapid evolution of one ancestral species into many descendent species
Ex: Darwin’s finches- each occupied a different niche on the galapagoes islands

84. Gradualism vs. Punctuated

85. Journal Week 24- Mon 2/23
J: Bozeman- Evidence for Evolution II- 10 facts
TI: Bozeman- Origin of Life Video Walk through
CW: Wooly Booger Lab
HW: Wooly Booger Lab Analysis Questions DUE W 2/25, Interactive Reader pgs DUE Th 2/26

86. Journal Week 24- Tues 2/24
J: Evolution of Populations Concept Check (20 pts)
TI: None
CW: Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium Guided Notes and Natural Selection Simulation
HW: Interactive Reader pgs DUE Th 2/26
Left Side
Pg #
Right Side
Natural Selection Simulation 17
Hardy- Weinburg Equilibrium Guided Notes 18

87. Journal Week 24- Wed 2/25 J: none
TI: Wooley Booger Lab Analysis Questions
CW: Origin of Life Video, Fossil Record & Origin of Life Guided Notes
HW: Interactive Reader pgs DUE Th 2/26, Finish Origin of Life video Questions DUE Th 2/26
Left Side
Pg #
Right Side
Origin of Life Video Questions 19
Fossil Record & Origin Guided Notes 20

88. Fossils & Who Studies Them!
Fossils: traces/remains of ancient life
What do we discover?
Structures of Organisms
Their Diet
Who are their predators
Environment they lived in
Paleontologists: scientists who study fossils
Fossil Record: all the info adapted from fossil about past life

89. What does the Fossil Record DO?
Extinct: species die out
>99% of all species that lived on Earth
The fossil record provides evidence about the history of life on Earth. It shows how different groups of organisms, and species, have evolved.

90. Formation of Fossils
Can be large and complete like a perfect sized animal or small life a fragment of a jawbone.
Examples: eggs, footprints, animal droppings
Most fossils form in sedimentary rock.
Sedimentary Rock: formed when rain, wind, heat, and cold break down rock into small particles of sand, silt, and clay.
Streams carry these until they settle at the bottom and build layers. Organisms sink & become buried. Weight & chemical reactions turn them to rocks.
Quality Varies…why we have gaps!

91. Finding Evidence
-Natural forces that made sedimentary rock also can reveal fossils formed millions of years prior, hidden in layers.
What are paleontologists looking for?
Anatomical Similarities & Differences
Age by using 2 techniques
Relative Dating
Radioactive Dating

92. Relative Dating
Relative Dating: age of a fossil is determined by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock.
Index Fossils: used to compare relative ages of other fossils
Index Fossils Criteria:
Easy to Recognize
Existed for short time
Wide geographic range
(Found in only a few layers but in different geographic layers)
Downfall? No absolute age in years for rocks.

93. Radioactive Dating
Scientists use radioactive decay to assign absolute age to rocks
Radioactive -> decay or breakdown into non-radioactive at a steady rate -> measured in half- lifes
Half-Life: time required for ½ of Radioactive atoms in a sample to decay
Radioactive Dating: use of half-lifes to determine the age of the sample

94. Radioactive Dating
In radioactive dating, we calculate the age of a sample based on the amount of remaining radioactive isotopes it contains
Ex. C-14 ~ 5730 years -> C-12 (Non-RA)
More C-12, the older the fossil (up to 60,000years)
Ex. K-40 -> Ar-40 ~1.26 billion years

95. The Origin of Life!
Biology 1

96. Earth’s Early History Key points to learn:
What substances made up Earth’s early atmosphere?
What did Miller & Urey’s experiments show?
What occurred when oxygen was added to the Earth’s atmosphere?

97. The Formation of Earth
Earth was not born from a single event…Cosmic debris were attracted to one another over time (~100 mil years).
While the planet was young, it was struck by objects possibly as large as Mars. These collisions made enough heat to melt the entire globe.
Once Earth melted, the elements rearranged according to density, forming Earth’s core. Radioactive decay made enough heat to convert the core to molten rock..
The less dense elements moved towards the top to form the surface, the solid crust. The least dense elements (hydrogen & nitrogen) formed the atmosphere.

98. The Formation of Earth
Earth’s early atmosphere probably contained: hydrogen cyanide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and water.
A few breaths of this would kill you!
It has been inferred that ~4 billion years ago the world cooled enough to allow rocks to form on Earth. Volcanoes ruled the Earth for millions of years.
~3.8 billion years ago the Earth cooled enough for water to stay a liquid…and thunderstorms ruled forming the current day oceans.

99. The First Organic Molecules
In the 1950’s, Miller & Urey designed an experiment that attempted to recreate Earth’s early environment.
Step 1: Filled a flask with Hydrogen, Methane, Ammonia, and H2O
Step 2: Passed electric sparks through mixture to represent lightning.
Results: After a few days -> Amino Acids began to accumulate

100. Spectacular Results!
Miller & Urey’s experiment showed us that the compounds/elements of life existed in Early Earth.
What do we know now?
The experiment was not completely accurate
With more knowledge, experiments have produced organic compounds
1995, Miller produced cytosine and uracil…what are these?

101. Well…How do we breathe Oxygen now?
Microscopic Fossils (microfossils) of prokaryotic bacteria have been found in rocks 3.5 billion years old and these lived without oxygen!
Photosynthetic bacteria were producing oxygen that mixed with ocean water forming rust
Rust fell to the floor and is mined today as iron ore.
Oxygen formed our atmosphere and turned sky/ocean from brown to blue.
Anaerobic (organisms that don’t need oxygen) organisms struggled but aerobic (organisms that need oxygen) organisms did well, were “fit”.
The rise of oxygen in the atmosphere drove some life forms to extinction, while others evolved new, more efficient way to use oxygen for breathing.

102. Endosymbiotic Theory: Simple to Complex
Endosymbiotic Theory: eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms. The prokaryotes devolved & formed eukaryotic cells.
Once these Eukaryotic cells formed, they reproduced Sexually, which allowed for variation of species…which started Evolution!

103. Journal Week 24- Thurs 2/26 J: Bozeman- Microevolution- 10 facts
TI: Interactive Reader pgs , Origin of Life video Questions
CW: Hominid Evolution Power Notes & Reinforcement, Origin of Life & Hominid Pencil Book Partner Quiz
Get a blue pencil book and get logged into a clicker
Read the Origin of Life information on pg 45 then answer questions 1-4 (F=A, G=B, H=C, I=D)
Read the Hominid information on pg 48 then answer questions 1-5 (F=A, G=B, H=C, I=D)
HW: none
Left Side
Pg #
Right Side
Hominid Concept Map 21
Hominid Evolution Notes 22

104. Journal Week 24- Fri 2/27
J: Explain the results found in the Miller Urey experiment. Draw AND label a picture of their experimental set up.
TI: Journal Weeks 23 & 24 (50 pts)
CW: Evolution Notebook Quiz (50 pts)
Update your Table of Contents for the next section
HW: Evolution Notebook Quiz DUE M 2/28
Left Side
Right Side
(23) Classification Chart
(24) Classification Notes
(25) How to Make a Cladogram
(26) Cladograms & Dichotomous Key Notes
(27) Cladogram Practice
(28) Dichotomous Key Practice
(29) Evolution Unit Review
(30) Evolution Unit Review

105. Journal Week 25, Monday 3/2
J: Why is classifying organisms or objects helpful/important?
TI: Evolution Notebook Quiz (50 pts)
CW: Classification Notes
HW: Organizing Life’s Diversity Wkst DUE T 3/3
Left Side
Right Side
(23) Classification Chart
(24) Classification Notes

106. Why Classify?
Scientist group organisms together so that they are easier to study.
Ex. What do you know about a mammal?
Animal, with backbone,
covered in hair,
gets milk from mother,
warm blooded ect.

107. Taxonomy
Taxonomy: is classifying and assigning organisms universally accepted names.
Binomial nomenclature: each species is given a two-part scientific name
Created by Carolus Linnaeus
Italics: 1st word ‘Genus’, 2nd word ‘species’
Scientist use a single
name for each species
to reduce confusion.

108. Binomial nomenclature
Genus : closely related species (1st word)
Species: Organisms can produce fertile offspring (2nd word)
Genus + species (description of trait)
Ex. Polar Bear
Ursus maritimus
Species name + sea

109. What animal is this? Puma, Mountain Lion, Panther
Science name: Felis concolor

110. Linnaeus’s Classification
Taxon: each level in classification system
From Largest to Smallest: (Most to Least general)
Kingdom,
Phylum,
Class,
Order
Family
Genus
Species.
King Philip came over for great spaghetti.
Example: several families make up one order and several phylum's make up one kingdom

111. Domains Broadest Taxon: Domain (3), kingdoms fall under these:
Domain Bacteria
Domain Archaea
Domain Eukarya

112. Early Classification Aristotle had 2 kingdoms Animalia
Plantae (fungi included)
Had to add kingdoms to account for Bacteria and Fungi

113. Modern Classification
Linnaeus started with 5 kingdoms, turned into 7
Monera (Bacteria)
Eubacteria & Archaebacteria (kingdoms added later)
Protista (not plants, fungi, or animals)
Fungi (made of chitin, decomposers, mushrooms)
Plantae (plants, cell walls, photosynthesis)
Animalia (animals)

115. Human Classification
Kingdom Animalia

116. Human Classification
Phylum Chordata

117. Human Classification
Class Mammalia

118. Human Classification
Order Primates

119. Human Classification
Family…. Hominidae

120. Human Classification
Genus Homo
Species sapiens

122. Journal Week: 25, Tuesday, 3/3
J: Bozeman- Cladograms- 5 facts
TI: Organizing Life’s Diversity wkst
CW: Notes on Cladograms & Dichotomous Keys & Practice
HW: Dichotomous Key Wkst DUE Wed 3/4, Evolution Folder DUE M 3/9, Homework Stamp Portfolio DUE M 3/9 (Last day to turn in INC  Fri 3/6)
Left Side
Right Side
(25) How to Make a Cladogram
(26) Cladograms & Dichotomous Key Notes
(27) Cladogram Practice
(28) Dichotomous Key Practice

123. Cladograms
Cladogram: a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship among a group of organisms.
Derived characters: Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in older members
Used to make cladograms

124. Dichotomous Keys
Dichotomous Key: a tool that helps determine the identity of items in the natural world
Ex. Trees, Animals, Shells
Lists a series of choices that lead the user to the correct scientific name of a given organism.
"Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts".
Given two choices in each step

125. How to Construct a Dichotomous Key
How many steps will I have?
Number of organisms -1 = Number of steps
How do I know what to say for (a) and (b)?
Choose a dividing characteristic and write (a) and (b) so they do not match/agree.
When do I say go to the next step or the animals name?
When 1 organism is left, then you write their name…if there is more than 1 organism, direct them to the next step.
How many Characteristics do I use per step? 1
Do my starting groups need to be equal?
No 

126. Journal Week: 25, Wednesday 3/4
J: Interpreting Graphics Questions
TI: Dichotomous Key Wkst
CW: Beanie Baby Dichotomous Key Practice
HW: Evolution Unit Test Friday, Evolution Folder DUE M 3/9, Homework Stamp Portfolio DUE M 3/9 (Last day to turn in INC  Fri 3/6)

127. Journal Week: 25, Thursday, 3/5
J: Deck of Cards Review Questions
TI: none
CW: Evolution Unit Review
HW: Study for Test, Complete Review, Evolution Folder DUE M 3/9, Homework Stamp Portfolio DUE M 3/9 (Last day to turn in INC  Fri 3/6)

128. Journal Week: 25, Friday, 3/6 J: Test Reflection TI: Check Test Review
Minimum of 5 Sentences describing your thoughts and feelings in regards to the test.
TI: Check Test Review
CW: Test
Evolution Folder DUE M 3/9
Homework Stamp Portfolio DUE M 3/9 (Last day to turn in INC  TODAY)
HW: Folder & Stamps DUE M 3/9