1. HSC Geography: urban places Mega Cities in Developing Countries

2. Overview of this unit of work
the nature, character and spatial distribution of mega cities in the developing world
the challenges of living in mega cities such as housing, traffic infrastructure, water and power supplies, sanitation services, employment, and other social and health issues
the responses to these challenges such as self-help projects, community self-government, cooperation from NGOs, urban protest and the operations of informal economies

3. Overview of this unit of work
This unit requires you to investigate geographically the ways individuals, communities and government and non- government organisations are managing the challenges of living in mega cities in the developing world. Investigation from a variety of primary and secondary sources, including case studies and illustrative examples, should enable you to explain and evaluate traditional and innovative urban management strategies employed to protect and improve the quality of life for the majority of urban dwellers in the developing world.

4. What are Mega Cities?
Mega Cities are defined as very large agglomerations of at least 8 million inhabitants
The UN lists 22 mega cities of the developing world: Mexico City, Lima, Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Lagos, Cairo, Istanbul, Tehran, Karachi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Calcutta, Bangkok, Dhaka, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing, Seoul, Metro Manilla, Jakarta

5. Spatial Distribution of Mega Cities

6. Mega Cities
In 2008, the world reached an invisible but momentous milestone: For the first time in history, more than half its human population, 3.3 billion people, will be living in urban areas. By 2030, this is expected to swell to almost 5 billion.
Mega cities have developed rapidly and recently particularly since in the developing world.
Generally the population of Mega cities grows at a faster rate than the population of the nation due to rural urban migration and high rates of natural increase from young child-bearing age population

7. Rural-Urban Migration
PUSH factors are the reasons people leave an area = transformed rural areas – reduced work opportunities in rural areas due to: environmental degradation/ depleted resources/mechanisation/ landlessness/lack of education and health services/ poverty/ agribusiness/ commercialisation (cash crops)
PULL factors are the reasons why people want to move to an area = relatively more work in the cities/cultural & entertainment opportunities in the city/more choice of leisure activities bette services, safer environment, political stability

8. Rural-Urban Migration

9. Rural-Urban Migration

13. Task: Rural-Urban Migration in Brazil Decision Making Activity
Class wiki
rural-urban-migration.wikispaces.com