1. The Solar System:

2. Jupiter... is the 5th planet from the sun is a gas giant has a diameter of 142,984 km (more than 300 times bigger than Earth and more than twice as big as all the rest of the planets added together) is 778,330,000 km from the sun has 39 known satellites

3. Jupiter was named for the Greek god Zeus, who was the ruler of Mount Olympus and king of the gods.

4. Using a homemade telescope, Galileo discovered 4 moons revolving around Jupiter in 1610. These moons are known as the Galilean moons: Io, Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa. This was important evidence that the earth was not the center of the solar system. Galileo’s Discovery

5. Exploration of Jupiter Pioneer 10 –1st spacecraft to pass asteroid belt –found intense radiation around Jupiter Pioneer 11 –measured solar wind, Jupiter’s magnetic field and atmosphere Voyager 1 –investigated atmospheres and moons –found Jupiter;s rings Voyager 2 –found volcanoes on Io –found frozen crust on Europa Galileo –1st spacecraft to orbit a gas planet

6. Jupiter is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium hydrogen helium Three distinct layers of clouds are believed to exist: ammonia ice, ammonium hydrosulfide, and a mixture of ice and water. Jupiter has high velocity winds The Great Red Spot is an oval big enough to hold two Earths. Jupiter -has a core of rocky material Above the core lies the main bulk of the planet in the form of liquid metallic hydrogen

7. Rotation/Revolution Mean distance from the Sun: 5.203 AU (778,400,000 km/483,700,000 mi) Length of Year: 11.86 Earth years Rotation Period: 9.92 hours Mean Orbital Velocity: 13.06 km/s (8.1 mi/s) Inclination of Axis: 3.12° Diameter: 142,980 km/88,700 mi

8. Satellites Io is the third largest moon It has active volcanoes. Europa is the 4th largest moon and has a smooth frozen crust. There may be liquid water under it. Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system.. Callisto is the second largest moon and is almost as big as Mercury.

9. Review Questions 1.Describe the composition of Jupiter. 2.Who discovered Jupiter? 3.How did Jupiter get its name? 4.What spacecraft have visited Jupiter and what did they have discover?

10. Works Cited http://www.spacegrant.hawaii.edu/class_acts/GeologyC hart.html http://www.solarviews.com/cap/ http://www.pantheon.org/articles/z/zeus.html http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap980913.html http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/jup_missns/jup- p10.html http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/nine planets.html